SPECIAL FEATURE-PHOTOSYNTHESIS

 PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND WHY IT IS IMPORTANT

Photosynthesis and Why it is Necessary

Photosynthesis is a critical process that sustains plants by enabling them to produce food. It is a process by which plants, algae and some types of bacteria use energy from the sun, water and carbon dioxide to produce food (glucose) and oxygen. This article gives important insights into an exciting process called photosynthesis and its role in supporting plant growth and development.

Components Needed for Photosynthesis to Take Place

1. Sunlight
2. Chlorophyll
3. Chloroplasts
4. Water
5. Carbon Dioxide

Photosynthesis Equation

6CO₂ +6H₂O + Light Energy =>C₆H₁₂O₆+6O₂

 

Photosynthesis Defined

Photosynthesis revolves around chlorophylls. These are molecules present in the chloroplasts of plant cells. Chlorophyll has a powerful function of harvesting light through its antenna that plays an essential role in energy capture from light (National Geographic, n.d.). This light energy then triggers a number of processes within the chloroplasts of the plant cells. This causes the water molecules to split and oxygen is released in the process, simultaneously, carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere (Spanner, 2022). These components are then assimilated using the energy from sunlight to manufacture glucose, a simple sugar that promotes plant growth and development.

The photosynthesis process occurs in two stages: The first process known as the light dependent reactions or the light dependent stage and the second process known as the light independent reactions or the Calvin cycle (National Geographic, n.d.). Light dependent reactions involve the absorption of light and the energy produced is used to produce ATP and NADPH which are energy transport compounds in the cell. These energy carriers then fuel the Calvin cycle where carbon dioxide that has been fixed is used to synthesize glucose.

Roles of Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the most vital process in the continuation of plant life. It is the primary means of nutrition for most living organisms either in the natural or in the modified form (Spanner, 2022). While herbivores consume plants, carnivores, on the other hand, consume herbivores. Carnivorous animals consume dead plants and animals and thus enhance the recycling of nutrients in the ecosystem. Such an intricate web of existence requires an ongoing production of food by photosynthetic organisms.

In addition, photosynthesis preserves the earth’s atmosphere by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in it, thus reducing global warming. As it removes carbon dioxide, a gas that has an effect of creating a green house, photosynthesis produces oxygen, which animals require for breathing (National Geographic, n.d.). Photosynthesis is also the source of energy needed for plant growth.

Conclusion

Photosynthesis is one of the most significant processes for the life existence on our planet. This fantastic process allows the plants to convert energy from the sun into food for the plants and other living things that feed on the plants hence placing them at the bottom of the food chain. It also balances oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which is crucial in protecting the universe against global warming or climate change.

References

National Geographic. (n.d.). Photosynthesis. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/photosynthesis/

Spanner, H. (2022, July 27). Photosynthesis: What is it and how does it work? BBC Science Focus Magazine. https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/how-does-photosynthesis-work

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