SECTION
A: (25 MARKS)
1. One branch in the study of Kenyan history.
(i) Social.
(ii) Political
(iii) Economic (1
x 1 = 1mk)
2. Two political roles of the Orkoiyot among the
Nandi.
(i) Advised leaders on community affairs.
(ii) Arbitration in disputes.
(iii)
Advised and
blessed warriors before going to war.
(iv)
He was the
community spokesperson. (2
x 1 = 2mks)
3. One difference in the social practices of the
Luyha and Ameru in the 19th century.
(i)
The Ameru
initiated both boys and girls while the Luyia circumcised only boys. (1
x 1 = 1mk)
4. Main reason that made
the Borana migrate to Kenya from Southern Ethiopia
in 1897.
(i) They migrated to avoid conquest by
Menelik II of Ethiopia who had imposed
heavy taxes on them. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
5. Give one evidence to
show the Chinese reached the East African Coast.
(i) Presence of
Chinese coins.
(ii) Porcelain
remains.
(iii) Written
documents including periplus of Erythrean Sea. (1
x 1 = 1mk)
6. State two negative
effects of the Indian Ocean trade on the Kenyan people.
(i) Decline of
local industries.
(ii) Intensification
of inter-community warfare.
(iii) Colonization.
(iv) Destruction
of wildlife.
(v) Introduced
slave trade. (2
x 1 = 2mks)
7. Two ways can the government limit ones right to
own property.
(i) The
government may acquire an individuals property for public use but the
individual will be compensated.
(ii)
Property
illegally acquired can be confiscated by the government or returned
to the rightful owner. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
8. Two National symbols of
the Republic in the constitution of Kenya.
(i) Coat of
arms.
(ii) National
anthem.
(iii) National
flag. (2
x 1 = 2mks)
9. Two leaders who led the
Agiriama against the British during the colonial period. (i) Mekatilili wa Menza.
(ii) Wanje wa
Madorika (2 x 1 = 2mks)
10. The commission that
recommended a uniform system of education in all
government and mission schools during
the colonial period.
(i) Phelp – stokes commission. (1
x 1 = 1mk)
11. Name the executive head
of the colony in colonial Kenya.
(i) The
governor. (1
x 1 = 1mk)
12. Two reasons why Africans moved to urban centres
in colonial Kenya.
(i) The
recreation and social amenities in urban centres.
(ii) Job
prospects in towns.
(iii) Congestion
in the reserves.
(iv) To escape
forced labour and taxation.
(v) The African
entrepreneur were in search of wider markets in towns.
(2
x 1 = 2mks)
13. Two reasons why oathing was necessary among the
Mau Mau freedom fighters. (i) To ensure members remained loyal, honest
and secretive.
(ii) To inspire
and encourage members.
(iii) To unite
members to one cause. (2
x 1 = 2mks)
14. Two qualifications for the appointment in the
office of Kadhi.
(i) One must
profess the Muslim religion.
(ii) Must possess
knowledge of the Muslim law, (2
x 1 = 2mks)
15. One reason that can make
the national government in Kenya to suspend a county
government.
(i) If a county
government is unable to perform its functions.
(ii) If the
county government does not operate a financial management system
that complies with the requirement prescribed by
national legislation.
(1
x 1 = 1mk)
16. One contribution of
“Harambee” movement to the development of health
services in Kenya.
(i) Funds have been collected to build health
facilities.
(ii) Funds have been collected to facilitate
medical bills. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
17. Main function of the
equalization fund.
(i) To provide
basic services of water health, electricity, roads to marginalized
area. (1
x 1 = 1mk)
SECTION
B: (45 MARKS)
18. (a) Give three social aspects borrowed by the
Bantu from the Cushities
during the
pre-colonial period.
(i)
Circumcision
(ii)
Age-set.
(iii)
Religion – Some
Bantu communities adopted Islam from the
Cushites e.g. Somali
History Paper 1MS 2 Kirinyaga Central
(b)
Describe the political organization of the Somali
during the pre-colonial
period.
(i)
The clan was the
basic political unit.
(ii)
Had a council of
elders which was in charge of day to day affairs of the clan.
(iii)
They had an age
set system.
(iv)
They had leaders
called sultan whose role was mainly advisory.
(v)
There existed
warriors whose main duty was to protect the community.
(vi)
There existed
people with special responsibilities e.g. Sheikhs and medicine men. (6
x 2 = 12mks)
19. (a) Five reasons why the missionaries
established settlements for freed slaves
in Kenya in
the 19th century.
(i)
To end slave
trade.
(ii)
To teach freed
slaves vocational trades e.g. carpentry, agriculture.
(iii)
To spread the
gospel to the freed slaves.
(iv)
To rehabilitate
the freed slaves.
(v)
To provide a home
for freed slaves.
(vi)
To provide health
services to the slaves. (Any 5 x 1 = 5mks)
(b)
Five ways in which the introduction of Christianity
undermined African
culture.
(i)
Conversion of
Africans to Christianity led to abandonment of African
culture.
(ii)
Converted
Africans were encouraged to settle at the mission stations
hence uprooting them from their traditional set up.
(iii)
The missionaries condemned some African
cultural practices as
primitive and backwards.
(iv)
Introduction of
Western medicine made Africans to abandon their
traditional medicine.
(v)
Introduction of
Western education by missionaries made Africans
abandon their culture. (Any
5 x 2 = 10mks)
20. (a) Terms of Devonshire White Paper of 1923.
(i) The
Kenyan highlands were to be exclusively for the white settlers.
(ii) The
Indians would elect five members to the legislative council not
on common roll but on a communal roll.
(iv)
The European
settlers demand for self government in Kenya was rejected.
(v)
Racial
segregation in all residential areas was abolished.
(vi)
The interest of
Africans were to be given priority before those of the
immigrants.
(vii)
The colonial
secretary would exercise strict control over the affairs
of the colony.
(viii)
A missionary
would be nominated to the legislative council to
represent the interest of Africans.
(ix) The
settlers had maintained their representation in legislative council.
(Any
5 x 1 = 5mks)
History Paper 1MS 3 Kirinyaga Central
(b)
Five impacts of colonial land policies in Kenya during
the colonial period.
(i)
The best
available land was curved out for the construction of the railway.
(ii)
Africans were
pushed into reserves specially allocated to them.
These reserves were characterized by overcrowding and
overstocking.
(iii)
The situation in
the reserves forced many Africans to look for alternative settlement.
(iv)
Those who settled
in European farms became squatters.
(v)
Land alienation
disrupted traditional structures.
Communities could
no longer move in search of better lands and pastures.
(vi)
Taxes which had
to be paid in monetary forms were imposed on Africans
to force them to seek wage employment.
(vii)
The land issue
was a source of great resentment and was one of the
primary grievances.
(viii)
The reserving of
the highlands for the exclusive use of European denied
Indians
access to agricultural land forcing them to establish residence and businesses
in the urban centres. (Any
5 x 2 = 10mks)
21. (a) Identify three types of land holdings in
Kenya today.
(i) Public
land.
(ii) Community
land.
(iii) Private
land. (3
x 1 = 3mks)
(b)
Explain six challenges facing the agricultural sector
in Kenya.
(i)
Poor
infrastructure in some parts of the country has led to great losses
if farm produce thus reducing earnings of farmers.
(ii)
The unstable
prices of agricultural commodities on the local/world
market has discouraged farmers.
(iii)
Various parts of
the country have been affected by drought/famine
thus forcing the government to provide relief food.
(iv)
Farmers produce
is often destroyed by pests after harvest leading
to food shortages/poor storage.
(v)
Poor
technology/use of traditional methods has contributed to low yields.
(vi)
Politically
instigated ethnic clashes have discouraged farmers from
carrying out intense farming due to insecurity.
(vii)
The population of
Kenya has been growing faster than the gains
made in the agricultural sector.
(viii)
Corrupt
government officials have grabbed/sold research land thereby
affecting the operations of research institutions.
(ix)
Farming has
become a costly venture thus most farmers are not able to
meet the high cost of inputs.
(x)
Overproduction of
similar agricultural products leads to wastage due to
lack of buyers.
(xi)
Mismanagement of
co-operatives has impoverished farmers/delayed
payments.
(xii)
Shortage of
agricultural extension officers has made it difficult for farmers
to get advice on how best to carry out agricultural
activities.
(xiii)
Competition from
COMESA/industrialized nations has frustrated Kenyan farmers. (6 x 2 = 12mks)
History Paper 1MS 4 Kirinyaga Central
SECTION
C: (30 MARKS)
22. (a) Name three rights of aliens in Kenya.
(i) To
own property.
(ii) Freedom
of movement.
(iii) Right
to reside in any part of Kenya.
(iv) Freedom
to enter and leave Kenya.
(v) Right
to services offered by the government of Kenya e.g. health, education.
(vi) Right
to enjoy services offered by Kenyan courts. (3
x 1 = 3mks)
(b) Explain six civic responsibilities of
Kenyan citizens.
(i) Obedience
to the laws of the land.
(ii) Payment
of taxes.
(iii) Duty
to protect life
(iv) Participation
in community activities.
(v) Being
gender sensitive.
(vi) Non-discrimination.
(vii) Conservation of environment.
(viii) Promotion of high moral behaviour. (6 x 2 = 12mks)
23. (a) Why are general elections conducted in
Kenya every five years.
(i) In
order to give citizens a chance to choose leaders whom they have
confidence in.
(ii) To
enable MPs to be responsive to the development needs of the
electorate/keep
MPs on their toes.
(iii) It is a
constitutional requirement for elections to be held every five years.
(iv) They
give citizens a chance to exercise their democratic right by electing
leaders
of their choice.
(v) They
help to generate new ideas by offering alternative ways of running
the
government through different political parties manifestos.
(vi) To
inject new blood into parliament and government. (5 x 1 = 5mks)
(b) Explain five functions of the public
service commission.
(i) Provides
services to the people especially service ministries like health
and education.
(ii) Implements
government policies and programmes.
(iii) Interprets
government policies to the people so that they can willingly
participate in their implementation.
(iv) Maintains
government records.
(v) Advises
cabinet secretaries on matters of policy.
(vi) Ensures
continuity in government operations since the public service
is permanent while politicians come and go.
(vii) Collects
government revenue through Licenses. (5 x 2 = 10mks)
History Paper 1MS 5 Kirinyaga Central
24. (a) Identify five sources of public revenue in
Kenya. (i) Domestic borrowing.
(ii) Profit
from parastals.
(iii) Foreign
aid.
(iv) Sale
of treasury bills.
(v) Court
fines.
(vi) Taxes
e.g. V.A.T.
(vii) Charges on government services.
(viii) Licenses fees. (5 x 1 =
5mks)
(b)
Explain five challenges facing the government of Kenya
in her efforts to
raise
revenue.
(i)
Tax evasion by
some people/organization.
(ii)
Many people give
wrong information in the wealth declaration forms.
(iii)
Rich people keep
their money in foreign banks denying the country interest.
(iv)
Negative attitude
towards payment of taxes by many people due to ignorance.
(v)
Unscrupulous
Kenyans and ax officials collude and defraud the government
of revenue.
(vi)
Inadequate
information for local investors through treasury bills post office bonds and Shares
of NSE.
(vii)
Smuggling of
goods out of/into Kenya.
(viii)
High rate of
inflation increases public expenditure.
(ix)
High public wage
bill making the government unable to save.
(Any 5 x 2 = 10mks)
No comments:
Post a Comment