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Thursday, April 16, 2020

HISTORY PP1 TEST 1 MARKING SCHEME


SECTION A (25 marks)
1.     Identify the main source of information on Pre-history.                                            (1 mark)
(i)    Oral tradition                                                                                                 (1 x 1=1 mark)

2.     State two reasons for the migration of the Borana from their cradle land into Kenya.
 (2 marks)
(i)     Avoid conflict between the Somali nationals and British imperials
(ii)   Avoid conquest in 1897 of Menelik II of Ethiopia
(iii)                    Avoid heavy taxation imposed by Menelik II                                      (Any2 x 1=2 marks)

3.     Give one step the Kenya Government has taken to solve food shortages.              (1 mark)
(i)    Extensive research has been carried out in research institutions such as the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI). This has led to production of hybrid maize such as ‘Katumani’ which grows in the drier parts of Kenya
(ii)  Other research institutions such as the International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) and International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) continue to conduct research to establish which pests and parasites affect both livestock and crops in the country and develop ways to curb their multiplication
(iii)                    Agricultural Training Institutions have also been established to train experts such as agricultural officers, veterinary doctors and horticultural experts. Examples of such institutions include Egerton University, University of Nairobi and Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
(iv)The government has also introduced the teaching of agriculture in the school curriculum. This is meant to educate learners about new and better techniques of farming that could boost food production in the country
(v)  The Kenya government has also tried to educate the people about the need for family planning, so that families have only the number of children whom they can feed and provide for
(vi)The government has formulated a food security policy to enhance production of food in the country. A minimum amount of cereals in the government silos has been set and urgent measures to top them up are taken whenever this set limit appears to decline. Such measures include importation of food. The food security policy ensures that unscrupulous businessmen do not export certain foodstuffs when the country needs them
     (Any 1x1=1 mark)
4.     What was the main importance of age set systems among the Kenyan communities during the pre-colonial period?                                                                                    (1 mark)
(i)    Ensure continuous supply of warriors to defend the community                (1 x 1=1 mark)
5.     Give two special rights of the older members of the society as provided for in the New Kenya constitution.                                                                                            (2 marks)
(i)  Be allowed to fully participate in the affairs of the settlers
(ii) Right to pursue their personal dignity
(iii)            Right to live in dignity, respect and free from abuse
(iv)(Receive reasonable care and assistance from their family and state.
   (Any2 x 1=2 marks)
6.     Identify two main groups that offered education in Kenya during the colonial period.     
       (2 marks)
(i)    Missionaries
(ii)  Asians
(iii)                    Africans through independence schools & churches
(iv)Colonial government                                                                             (Any2 x 1=2 marks)

7.     What was the main reason why Africans were not allowed to grow cash-crops in colonial Kenya.                                                                                                             (1 mark)
(i)    So as to provide steady supply of cheap labour to the Europeans.                 (1 x 1=1mark)
8.     Give the main outcome of the Lyttelton constitution of 1954.                      (1 mark)
(i)    Creation of multi-racial participation in government                                     (1x 1=1 mark)
9.     Identify the representative of Africans in the leg co before the appointment of Eliud Mathu.                                                                                                                           (1 mark)       
(i)    Dr. John Arthur                                                                                             (1 x 1=1 mark)
10.  Give two laws that regulate elections in Kenya.                                                      (2 marks)
(i)    The constitution of Kenya
(ii)  The National Assembly and Presidential elections Act
(iii)                    The local government Act
(iv)The Election offences Act                                                                     (Any2 x 1=2 marks)
11.  Give the main function of the National Police Service Commission.                        (1 mark)
(i)    Recruitment and appointment of persons to hold or act in offices in the service.
           (1 x 1=1 mark)
12.  State one role of the supreme court of Kenya.                                                          (1 mark)
(i)    Exclusive original jurisdiction to hear and determine disputes relating to the elections to office of the President.
(ii)  Hears appeals from court of appeal, high court – other tribunals
(iii)                    Listens to petitions in the interpretation or application of the constitution
(iv)Advises national government, state organs or any country government on any matter concerning county government
(v)  Affirm, vary or overturn certification of the court of appeal on matters of general public interest.                                                                                                    (Any1 x 1=1 mark)
13.  Identify two social contributions of Daniel Arap Moi in the history of Kenya.  (2 marks)
(i)    Expansion of education
(ii)  Improvement in health sector
(iii)                    fundraising for disabled                                                                        (Any2 x 1=2 marks)
14.  Identify one characteristic of African socialism that promotes national development in Kenya.                                                                                                                           (1 mark)
(i)    Mutual social responsibility
(iv)Diffusion of wealth                                                                                 (Any1x 1=1 mark)
15.  Identify two agricultural schemes established in Kenya after independence.     (2 marks)
(i)    The million acre scheme
(ii)  The Harambee scheme
(iii)                    The Baraka scheme                                                                               (Any2 x 1=2 marks)
16.  Name two members of the county executive committee.                                        (2 marks)
(i)    County government
(ii)  Deputy county governor
(iii)                    Members appointed by governor with approval of county assembly   (Any2 x 1=2 marks)

17.  Identify one fund established by the constitution of Kenya 2010.                             (1 mark)       
(i)    Consolidated fund
(ii)  Contingencies fund
(iii)                    Revenue fund
(iv)Equalization Fund                                                                                  (Any1 x 1=1 mark)
SECTION B (45 marks)
18.        (a)       Identify three groups of Eastern Cushites in Kenya.                             (3 marks)
(i)    The Oromo.
(ii)  The Borana.
(iii)          The Somali.
(iv)The Gabra.
(v)  The Rendille.
(vi)The Burji.                                                                                         (Any 3x1=3 marks)
(b)       Describe the social organization of the Cushites.                                (12 marks)
(i)    Had a patrilineal society which means they traced their origins through the father.
(ii)  Was divided into clans made up of related families
(iii)                                                        Believed in a common ancestor which created a bond of unity.
(iv)Clans and families had their leaders who ensured law and order.
(v)  They circumcised both girls and boys.
(vi)Organized in age-sets system and had a leader with specific duties
(vii). They worshiped one god, the sky God who was given different names e.g. the
                    Oromo called him ‘wak’.
(viii). believed in ancestral spirits.
(ix). had shrines for prayers
 (x). marriages was exogamous
(xi). they practiced polygamy.
(xii). property was acquired in marriage where the eldest son inherited his father’s                                          
                     property and shared it with his younger brothers.
(i)    (xii). had social ceremonies marked by songs and dances.            (Any 6x2=12 marks)
19.        (a)       What were the terms of Anglo-German Agreement 0f 1886?              (3 marks)
(i)    The Sultan of Zanzibar was to be recognized as the custodian of a 16km [10 mile] coastal strip and the offshore islands of Pate, Mafia, Pemba, Zanzibar and Lamu and the towns of Kismayu, Brava, Merca and Mogadishu.
(ii)   The coastline of Witu and the territory between River Umba and River Ruvuma would become German spheres of influence.
(iii)           The British were to take the territory between River Umba and river Juba to the north.
(vii)        The western boundary was not defined and Uganda was up for grabs to whichever power got there first.                                                                  (Any 3x1=3 marks)
(b)       Explain six reasons why the British applied indirect rule in Kenya
     (12 marks)
(i)    Lack of enough manpower to handle all the administrative responsibilities in the colonies
(ii)  Lack of adequate funds set aside for colonial administration by the ‘parent’ government
(iii)          The British were aware that African communities were likely to put up a stiff resistance if they were to be subjected to a direct rule
(iv)The policy of indirect rule had succeeded in India and Uganda
(v)  The poor transport and communication network in the vast Nigeria protectorate
(vi)There existed a well-established system of government among African communities in Kenya
(viii)      Due to vastness of Kenya                                                         (Any 6x2=12 marks)
20.        (a)       Name three early political movements in Kenya                                    (3 marks)
(i)    Kikuyu Association
(ii)  Young Kikuyu Association (YKA)
(iii)          East African Association
(iv)Young Kavirondo Association (YKA)
(v)  Kavirondo Taxpayers Welfare Association (KTWA)
(vi)Ukamba Members Association (UMA)
(vii)        Taita Hills Association (THA)
(ix)The Coast African Association (CAA)                                            (Any 3x1=3 marks)
(b)       Explain six challenges faced by the early political movements in Kenya.
     (12 marks)
(i)    The members were subjected to harassment by the colonial government especially by arresting and dispersing demonstrators
(ii)  Arrest and deportation of the leaders e.g. Harry Thuku (EAA), Muindi Mbingu (UMA) and Jimmy Mwambichi (THA) demoralized the members of the associations
(iii)          Political wrangles between the members, as was witnessed with the Coast African Association upon departure of two of its key leaders
(iv)Many of the leaders had little experience in running political parties and therefore mismanaged their offices
(v)  Many of the Africans were experiencing financial problems due to land alienation, taxation and poor working conditions and therefore, the associations lacked sufficient funds as the members could not sufficient financial support
(vi)There was a lot of disunity, as most of the organizations were ethnic-based
(vii). Most of these organizations were eventually banned by the colonial government       in1940                                                                                                (Any 6x2=12 marks)
21.        (a)       Give five characteristics of independent movements in Kenya.          (5 marks)
(i)    They accommodated African cultural values
(ii)  Both the independent churches and schools valued Christianity and western education but were against the westernizing influence by missionaries
(iii)          Africans held positions in the churches and schools
(iv)Most of the churches and schools worked closely with the African political associations
(v)  The independent schools and churches had their following from rural masses
    (Any 5x1=5 marks)
(b)       Explain five achievements of KAU.                                                      (10 marks)
(i)    Some members of the party gave both moral and material support to the Mau Mau  fighters
(ii)  The party provided guidance and political support in Eliud Mathu, the African representatives to the Leg Co
(iii)                    The party provided down the foundation for the growth of the KANU that ushered Kenya into political independence
(iv)Some of the members of party were active Mau Mau liberation fighters e.g. Fred Kubai and Bildad Kaggia
(v)  KAU united Africans in the struggle for independence. The party opened branches in all parts of the country and mobilized the people to demand for independence
(vi)KAU promoted African nationalism. It convened rallies all over the country, raising political awareness among the masses
(vi). KAU helped to improved conditions of Africans. The party organized people to struggle
            against colonial policies such as taxation and kipande system
(viii). KAU publicized the grievances of Kenyans internationally by sending delegations to
            complain about colonial oppression and exploitation e.g. UN conference in Paris in 1957                                                                                                                  (Any 5x2=10 marks)
SECTION C (30 marks)
22 (a) State five agreements reached after the Second Lancaster House Conference.                                                                                                                                                        (5 marks)
(i)    The meeting arrived at establishing a coalition government.
(ii)  KANU advocated for a centralized system of government.
(iii)                    The legislature was to consist of two houses, the Upper House and Lower House.
(iv)The head of state was the Prime Minister.
(v)  Drawing of the independence constitution.                                           (Any 5x1=5 marks)
    (b) Describe the features of the independence constitution.                                   (10 marks)
i.     It provided a Governor General who was the head of state on behalf of the queen and the Prime Minister as the head of government.
ii.     It provided for an independent judiciary to ensure justice and prevent corruption
iii.     It set up a judicial commission to appoint judicial officers.
iv.     It provided for six regional governments and whose power included control of land, education, health and the police.
v.     It entrenched rules of citizens and fundamental rights of citizens.
vi.     It specially provided for the establishment of the public service commission and the board to ensure fair and effective government.
vii.     It provided for the establishment of National Assembly consisting of the Senate and
House of Representatives.
viii.     It provided for the tenure of office of the judges and attorney general.
ix.     It provided for separation of powers for the three arms of government.
x.     It spelt out that the party with majority seats forms government.
xi.     It spelt out powers and responsibilities of the central governments and regional
governments.                                                                                                    (Any 5x2=10 marks)
23 (a) State three functions of cabinet secretaries.                                                       (3 marks)
i.     Supervise government ministries as they are the heads of the various ministries.
ii.     Assist and advise the president on the day to day running of government.
iii.     They decide on government policy
iv.     Defend government policy both inside and outside parliament.
v.     Supervise policy implementation by civil servants in various ministries.
vi.     Co-coordinating government activities.
vii.     They participate in the law making process by suggesting bills pertaining to their
ministries.                                                                                            (Any 3x1=3 marks)
(b)  Explain six functions of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission.                                                                                                                                                          (12 marks)
    i. Conducting or supervising referenda and elections to any elective body or office established
       by the constitution.
    ii. Conducts any other elections as prescribed by an act of Parliament.
    iii. It ensures the continuous registration of citizens as voters.
    iv. The Commission regularly revises the voters’ roll.
    v. It is in charge of delimitation of constituencies and wards.
    vi. It regulates the process by which parties nominate candidates for elections.
    vii. It settles electoral disputes, including disputes relating to nominations but excluding
          election petition and disputes subsequent to the declaration of election results.
    viii. Ensures registration of candidates for election.
     ix. Conducts voter education.
     x. Facilitates the observation, monitoring and evaluation of elections.
     xi. Regulates the amount of money that may be spent on behalf of a candidate or party in
         respect of any election.
      xii. Ensures development of a code of conduct for candidates and parties contesting elections.
 xiii. Monitors compliance with the legislation relating to nomination of candidates by parties.                                                                                                                                      (Any 6x2=12 marks)
24 (a) Identify three members of the County Assembly.                                               (3 marks)
(i)    The Speaker of the County Assembly
(ii)  Members elected by registered voters of the wards
(iii)          Special seat members
(iv)Members representing marginalized groups e.g. persons with disabilities and the youth                                                                                                                                  (Any 3x1=3 marks)
(b) Explain six roles of the County Assembly.                                                              (12 marks)
(i)    Make laws for the performance of the County Government
(ii)  Exercises authority over county executive committee and any other county executive
organs.
(iii)                    Receives and approves plans and policies for the management and exploitation of the
County’s resources.
(iv)Approve policies for the development and management of infrastructure and institutions
in the county.
(v)  Enhancing legislation that may set out the structure and framework for better
administration and management of county governments.
(vi)Approval of oversight budgets and development projects for the county
(vii). Approving investment decisions and loans for the county.
(viii). Supervising other units within the county through political authority, guidance and
direction.

(vii)                  Monitoring and execution of projects under approved plans and assessing their impact on development on the county.                                                   (Any 6x2=12 marks)


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