1. Identify the main source of information on
Pre-history. (1 mark)
(i) Oral
tradition (1 x 1=1 mark)
2. State two reasons for the migration of the
Borana from their cradle land into Kenya.
(2 marks)
(i) Avoid conflict between the Somali
nationals and British imperials
(ii) Avoid conquest in 1897 of Menelik II of
Ethiopia
(iii)
Avoid heavy taxation imposed by Menelik II (Any2 x 1=2 marks)
3. Give one step the Kenya Government has
taken to solve food shortages. (1 mark)
(i)
Extensive research has been carried out in
research institutions such as the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI).
This has led to production of hybrid maize such as ‘Katumani’ which grows in
the drier parts of Kenya
(ii) Other
research institutions such as the International Centre for Insect Physiology
and Ecology (ICIPE) and International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
continue to conduct research to establish which pests and parasites affect both
livestock and crops in the country and develop ways to curb their
multiplication
(iii)
Agricultural Training Institutions have also
been established to train experts such as agricultural officers, veterinary
doctors and horticultural experts. Examples of such institutions include
Egerton University, University of Nairobi and Jomo Kenyatta University of
Agriculture and Technology
(iv)The government has also introduced the teaching
of agriculture in the school curriculum. This is meant to educate learners
about new and better techniques of farming that could boost food production in
the country
(v) The
Kenya government has also tried to educate the people about the need for family
planning, so that families have only the number of children whom they can feed
and provide for
(vi)The government has formulated a food security
policy to enhance production of food in the country. A minimum amount of
cereals in the government silos has been set and urgent measures to top them up
are taken whenever this set limit appears to decline. Such measures include
importation of food. The food security policy ensures that unscrupulous
businessmen do not export certain foodstuffs when the country needs them
(Any
1x1=1 mark)
4. What was the main importance of age set
systems among the Kenyan communities during the pre-colonial period? (1 mark)
(i) Ensure
continuous supply of warriors to defend the community (1 x 1=1 mark)
5. Give two special rights of the older
members of the society as provided for in the New Kenya constitution. (2 marks)
(i) Be allowed to fully
participate in the affairs of the settlers
(ii) Right to pursue their personal dignity
(iii) Right to live in dignity, respect
and free from abuse
(iv)(Receive
reasonable care and assistance from their family and state.
(Any2 x 1=2
marks)
6. Identify two main groups that offered
education in Kenya during the colonial period.
(2 marks)
(i) Missionaries
(ii) Asians
(iii)
Africans through independence schools & churches
(iv)Colonial
government (Any2 x 1=2 marks)
7. What was the main reason why Africans were
not allowed to grow cash-crops in colonial Kenya. (1 mark)
(i) So
as to provide steady supply of cheap labour to the Europeans. (1
x 1=1mark)
8. Give the main outcome of the Lyttelton constitution
of 1954. (1 mark)
(i) Creation
of multi-racial participation in government (1x 1=1
mark)
9. Identify the representative of Africans in
the leg co before the appointment of Eliud Mathu. (1 mark)
(i) Dr.
John Arthur (1 x 1=1 mark)
10. Give two laws that regulate elections in
Kenya. (2 marks)
(i) The
constitution of Kenya
(ii) The
National Assembly and Presidential elections Act
(iii)
The local government Act
(iv)The
Election offences Act (Any2 x 1=2 marks)
11. Give the main function of the National
Police Service Commission. (1 mark)
(i) Recruitment
and appointment of persons to hold or act in offices in the service.
(1 x
1=1 mark)
12. State one role of the supreme court of Kenya. (1 mark)
(i) Exclusive
original jurisdiction to hear and determine disputes relating to the elections
to office of the President.
(ii) Hears
appeals from court of appeal, high court – other tribunals
(iii)
Listens to petitions in the interpretation or application
of the constitution
(iv)Advises
national government, state organs or any country government on any matter
concerning county government
(v) Affirm,
vary or overturn certification of the court of appeal on matters of general
public interest. (Any1 x 1=1 mark)
13. Identify two social contributions of Daniel
Arap Moi in the history of Kenya. (2
marks)
(i) Expansion
of education
(ii) Improvement
in health sector
(iii)
fundraising for disabled (Any2 x 1=2 marks)
14. Identify one characteristic of African socialism
that promotes national development in Kenya. (1 mark)
(i) Mutual
social responsibility
(iv)Diffusion
of wealth (Any1x 1=1 mark)
15. Identify two agricultural schemes established
in Kenya after independence. (2 marks)
(i) The
million acre scheme
(ii) The
Harambee scheme
(iii)
The Baraka scheme (Any2 x 1=2 marks)
16. Name two members of the county executive
committee. (2
marks)
(i) County
government
(ii) Deputy
county governor
(iii)
Members appointed by governor with approval of county
assembly (Any2 x 1=2 marks)
17. Identify one fund established by the
constitution of Kenya 2010. (1 mark)
(i) Consolidated
fund
(ii) Contingencies
fund
(iii)
Revenue fund
(iv)Equalization Fund (Any1 x 1=1 mark)
SECTION B (45 marks)
18. (a) Identify
three groups of Eastern Cushites in Kenya. (3 marks)
(i) The
Oromo.
(ii) The Borana.
(iii)
The Somali.
(iv)The
Gabra.
(v) The
Rendille.
(vi)The
Burji. (Any 3x1=3 marks)
(b) Describe
the social organization of the Cushites. (12 marks)
(i) Had
a patrilineal society which means they traced their origins through the father.
(ii) Was divided
into clans made up of related families
(iii)
Believed in a common ancestor which created a bond of
unity.
(iv)Clans
and families had their leaders who ensured law and order.
(v) They circumcised
both girls and boys.
(vi)Organized
in age-sets system and had a leader with specific duties
(vii). They worshiped one god, the sky God who was given different
names e.g. the
Oromo called him ‘wak’.
(viii). believed in ancestral spirits.
(ix). had shrines for prayers
(x). marriages was
exogamous
(xi). they practiced polygamy.
(xii). property was acquired in marriage where the eldest
son inherited his father’s
property and shared it
with his younger brothers.
(i)
(xii). had social ceremonies marked by songs and
dances. (Any 6x2=12 marks)
19. (a) What
were the terms of Anglo-German Agreement 0f 1886? (3 marks)
(i)
The Sultan of Zanzibar was to be recognized as the custodian of a
16km [10 mile] coastal strip and the offshore islands of Pate, Mafia, Pemba,
Zanzibar and Lamu and the towns of Kismayu, Brava, Merca and Mogadishu.
(ii) The
coastline of Witu and the territory between River Umba and River Ruvuma would
become German spheres of influence.
(iii)
The British were to take the territory
between River Umba and river Juba to the north.
(vii)
The western boundary was not defined and Uganda was up for grabs
to whichever power got there first. (Any 3x1=3 marks)
(b) Explain six reasons why
the British applied indirect rule in Kenya
(12 marks)
(i)
Lack of enough manpower to handle all the
administrative responsibilities in the colonies
(ii) Lack
of adequate funds set aside for colonial administration by the ‘parent’
government
(iii)
The British were aware that African communities were
likely to put up a stiff resistance if they were to be subjected to a direct
rule
(iv)The policy of indirect rule had
succeeded in India and Uganda
(v) The poor
transport and communication network in the vast Nigeria protectorate
(vi)There existed a well-established system of
government among African communities in Kenya
(viii)
Due to vastness of Kenya (Any 6x2=12
marks)
20. (a) Name
three early political movements in Kenya (3
marks)
(i)
Kikuyu Association
(ii) Young
Kikuyu Association (YKA)
(iii)
East African Association
(iv)Young Kavirondo Association (YKA)
(v) Kavirondo
Taxpayers Welfare Association (KTWA)
(vi)Ukamba Members Association (UMA)
(vii)
Taita Hills Association (THA)
(ix)The Coast
African Association (CAA) (Any 3x1=3 marks)
(b) Explain six challenges faced by the early
political movements in Kenya.
(12 marks)
(i)
The members were subjected to harassment by the colonial
government especially by arresting and dispersing demonstrators
(ii) Arrest and
deportation of the leaders e.g. Harry Thuku (EAA), Muindi Mbingu (UMA) and
Jimmy Mwambichi (THA) demoralized the members of the associations
(iii)
Political wrangles between the members, as was witnessed with the
Coast African Association upon departure of two of its key leaders
(iv)Many of the leaders had little
experience in running political parties and therefore mismanaged their offices
(v) Many of
the Africans were experiencing financial problems due to land alienation,
taxation and poor working conditions and therefore, the associations lacked
sufficient funds as the members could not sufficient financial support
(vi)There was a lot of disunity, as most
of the organizations were ethnic-based
(vii). Most of these organizations were eventually banned by the
colonial government in1940
(Any 6x2=12 marks)
21. (a) Give
five characteristics of independent movements in Kenya. (5 marks)
(i)
They accommodated African cultural values
(ii) Both the
independent churches and schools valued Christianity and western education but
were against the westernizing influence by missionaries
(iii)
Africans held positions in the churches and schools
(iv)Most of the churches and schools
worked closely with the African political associations
(v) The
independent schools and churches had their following from rural masses
(Any 5x1=5 marks)
(b) Explain
five achievements of KAU. (10
marks)
(i)
Some members of the party gave both moral and material support to
the Mau Mau fighters
(ii) The party
provided guidance and political support in Eliud Mathu, the African
representatives to the Leg Co
(iii)
The party provided down the foundation for the growth of the KANU
that ushered Kenya into political independence
(iv)Some of the members of party were
active Mau Mau liberation fighters e.g. Fred Kubai and Bildad Kaggia
(v) KAU united
Africans in the struggle for independence. The party opened branches in all
parts of the country and mobilized the people to demand for independence
(vi)KAU promoted African nationalism. It
convened rallies all over the country, raising political awareness among the
masses
(vi). KAU
helped to improved conditions of Africans. The party organized people to
struggle
against colonial policies such as
taxation and kipande system
(viii). KAU
publicized the grievances of Kenyans internationally by sending delegations to
complain about colonial oppression
and exploitation e.g. UN conference in Paris in 1957 (Any 5x2=10 marks)
SECTION C (30 marks)
22 (a) State five agreements reached after the Second Lancaster House
Conference. (5 marks)
(i) The
meeting arrived at establishing a coalition government.
(ii) KANU
advocated for a centralized system of government.
(iii)
The legislature was to consist of two houses, the Upper
House and Lower House.
(iv)The
head of state was the Prime Minister.
(v) Drawing of
the independence constitution. (Any 5x1=5
marks)
(b) Describe the features of
the independence constitution. (10 marks)
i.
It provided a Governor General who was the head of
state on behalf of the queen and the Prime Minister as the head of government.
ii. It
provided for an independent judiciary to ensure justice and prevent corruption
iii. It
set up a judicial commission to appoint judicial officers.
iv. It
provided for six regional governments and whose power included control of land,
education, health and the police.
v. It
entrenched rules of citizens and fundamental rights of citizens.
vi. It
specially provided for the establishment of the public service commission and
the board to ensure fair and effective government.
vii. It
provided for the establishment of National Assembly consisting of the Senate
and
House of Representatives.
viii. It
provided for the tenure of office of the judges and attorney general.
ix. It
provided for separation of powers for the three arms of government.
x. It
spelt out that the party with majority seats forms government.
xi. It
spelt out powers and responsibilities of the central governments and regional
governments. (Any 5x2=10 marks)
23 (a) State three functions of cabinet secretaries. (3 marks)
i.
Supervise government ministries as they are the heads
of the various ministries.
ii. Assist
and advise the president on the day to day running of government.
iii. They
decide on government policy
iv. Defend
government policy both inside and outside parliament.
v. Supervise
policy implementation by civil servants in various ministries.
vi. Co-coordinating
government activities.
vii. They
participate in the law making process by suggesting bills pertaining to their
ministries. (Any 3x1=3 marks)
(b) Explain six functions of the
Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission. (12 marks)
i. Conducting or supervising referenda and elections to any elective
body or office established
by the constitution.
ii. Conducts any other elections as prescribed by an act of Parliament.
iii. It ensures the continuous registration of citizens as voters.
iv. The Commission regularly revises the voters’ roll.
v. It is in charge of delimitation of constituencies and wards.
vi. It regulates the process by which parties nominate candidates for
elections.
vii. It settles electoral disputes, including disputes relating to
nominations but excluding
election petition and disputes
subsequent to the declaration of election results.
viii. Ensures registration of candidates for election.
ix. Conducts voter education.
x. Facilitates the observation, monitoring and evaluation of elections.
xi. Regulates the amount of money that may be spent on behalf of a
candidate or party in
respect of any election.
xii. Ensures development of a code of
conduct for candidates and parties contesting elections.
xiii. Monitors compliance with the legislation
relating to nomination of candidates by parties. (Any 6x2=12 marks)
24 (a) Identify three members of the County Assembly. (3 marks)
(i)
The Speaker of the County Assembly
(ii) Members
elected by registered voters of the wards
(iii)
Special seat members
(iv)Members representing marginalized
groups e.g. persons with disabilities and the youth (Any 3x1=3 marks)
(b) Explain six roles of the County Assembly. (12 marks)
(i) Make
laws for the performance of the County Government
(ii) Exercises
authority over county executive committee and any other county executive
organs.
(iii)
Receives and approves plans and policies for the
management and exploitation of the
County’s
resources.
(iv)Approve
policies for the development and management of infrastructure and institutions
in the county.
(v) Enhancing
legislation that may set out the structure and framework for better
administration and
management of county governments.
(vi)Approval
of oversight budgets and development projects for the county
(vii). Approving
investment decisions and loans for the county.
(viii). Supervising
other units within the county through political authority, guidance and
direction.
(vii)
Monitoring and execution of projects under approved
plans and assessing their impact on development on the county. (Any 6x2=12 marks)
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