1. Two
earliest inhabitants of Kenya (2marks)
·
Southern
Cushites (Sanye or Dahalo)
·
The
Gumba /Athi
·
The
Dorobo (Okiek) ( 2x 1 = 2)
2. The
original homeland of the Bantus (1mark)
·
The
Congo Basin ( 1x 1 = 1)
3. Religious
functions of the Orkoiyot among the Nandi in the 19th century
·
Presiding
over religious functions
·
Advising
and blessing warriors before raids or war
·
Foretelling
the future
·
Acting
as a rainmaker ( 2x 1 = 2)
4. Factors
which made it possible for the Arab traders to come to the Kenyan Coast before
1500
·
Accessibility
of the Kenyan coast via the sea
·
Availability
of funds to finance their journey
·
Availability
of dhows
·
The
monsoon winds which propelled dhows to the coast ( 2x
1 = 2)
5. The
document which contains the rights of citizens in Kenya
·
The
Bill of rights ( 1x 1 = 1)
6. Method
used by the British to administer Kenya colony between 1920 and 1963
·
Direct
rule
·
Indirect
rule ( 1x 1 = 1)
7.
Dual citizenship
·
A
citizen of Kenya by birth does not lose the citizenship by acquiring the
citizenship of another country
(1x 1 = 1)
8.
Merits of democracy
·
Founded
on consent of people so leader cannot ignore
·
They
get the mandate from the people who give them the authority to rule
·
Recognizes
equality among all people without discrimination
·
Promotes
patriotism or National pride
·
Promotes
liberty and peace as it advocates for peaceful co-existence ( 2x
1 = 2)
9. Consequences
of conflicts
·
Can
lead to death
·
Can
cause poverty
·
Can
lead to quarrels
·
Can
lead to wars
·
Can
lead to hatred
·
Can
lead to insecurity
·
Can
lead to economic decline ( 2x 1 = 2)
10.
Problems faced by settlers in
Kenya during the colonial period
·
Lack
of capital and farm equipment
·
Lack
of regular supply of labour
·
Rinderpest
epidemic which hindered the expansion of the dairy industry
·
Limited
market for their goods
·
Depression
of commodity prices in the world market
·
Most
settlers were ignorant of soil erosion and farming techniques
·
They
were affected by tropical diseases ( 2x 1 = 2)
11. The
second Prime Minister of independent in Kenya
·
Raila
Odinga
( 1x 1 = 2)
12. Demands
made by Young Kavirondo Association
·
Reduction
of hut tax
·
End
of land alienation
·
Abolition
of Kipande system
·
Dissolution
of labour camps
·
Abolition
of forced labour
·
Wanted
of self government for Nyanza province with an elected president (2x 1 = 2)
·
Building
of more public school in central Nyanza
13. The
founder of the Green Belt movement in Kenya
·
Prof.
Wangari Maathai ( 1x
1 = 2)
14.
Main function of parliament in
Kenya
·
To
make laws (legislate)
15. What
is devolved government ( 1x
1 = 1)
Developed
governmentis the transfer of authority and power from central government to
local government
(1x
1 = 2)
16.
What is capital expenditure?
Capital
expenditureis the expenditure incurred on major development projects e.g.construction
of roads
(1x
1 = 1)
17. Sources
of government revenue in Kenya
·
Indirect
taxes e.g. custom duty
·
Direct
tax e.g.income, tax
·
Grants
·
Domestic
borrowing
·
Aids/donors
SECTION B (45MARKS)
Answer
three questions from this section
18. (a)Reasons
which led to the migration of the plain
Nilotes in the pre- colonial period
·
They
were looking for fresh grazing land and water for their livestock
·
Outbreak
of cattle and human diseases
·
To
escape from drought and famine
·
Population
pressure forced them to migrate
·
Internal
and external attacks
·
To
satisfy their spirit of adventure ( 5x
1 = 5)
(b) Functions of the council of elders among the Somali
during the pre-colonial period
·
Maintenance
of law and order
·
Settlement
of disputes among different clans
·
Promoting
and preserving Somali culture
·
Ensured
effective use of grazing land and water points
·
Presided
over religious ceremonies
·
They
were the highest court of appeal ( 5x 2
= 10)
19. (a) Reasons why Portuguese were able to conquer the Kenyan coast during
the sixteenth century
·
The
Portuguese used superior weapons
·
Lack
of unity among the coastal communities
·
The
Portuguese launched a surprise attack on the coastal settlements
·
The
Portuguese had well trained soldiers
·
The
Portuguese knew the geography of East Africa coast very well after getting
information from Vasco-Da-Gama visit of 1498
·
The
Portuguese got reinforcement from their headquarters at Goa in India
·
The
weakness of the Turkish and Persian navies (5x 1 = 5)
(b) Five positive
results of Portuguese rule along the East coast of Africa
·
Lead
to introduction of new crops e.g. maize, cassava
·
Enhancement
of the development of the Kiswahili language
·
They
introduced new architecture to the East coast of Africa
·
Led
to forging of good relations between East Africa coast and India
·
Led
to introduction of farm yard manure
·
A
few Africans were converted to Christianity
·
Led
to opening of the East African coast to other European powers ( 5x 2
= 10)
20. (a) Five challenges
faced by Daniel Arap Moi during his rule in Kenya
·
Attempted
coup of 1982
·
High
rate of inflation and decline in economic growth in 1990’s
·
Instigated
land clashes
·
Grand
corruption and mismanagement of govt. resources
·
Accused
of human rights abuses
·
Lack
of political democracy and political intolerance of KANU
·
Political
assassinations e.g. Robert Ouko
·
Economic
Sanctions from IMF and world back ( 5x
1 = 5)
(b) Contribution of Prof. Wangari Maathai towards environmental conservation in
Kenya
·
In
1997 she founded then Green Belt Movement to fight environmental degradation
·
She
made use of women to contribute to environment conservation through the
planting of trees
·
Between
1989-1990 she was involved in a bitter campaign against the proposed
construction of a six storey Kenyan time Trust Complex in Uhuru park Nairobi
·
She
encouraged women to ensure good security by planting indigenous food crops or
maintaining gardens
·
Through
her efforts she provided information on family planning ,nutrition and
leadership development
(5x
2 = 5)
21. (a) Five common characteristics of political
parties which were formed in Kenya after 1945
·
They
had a national outlook as members were drawn from different ethnic groups
·
Their
main objective was to fight for self rule /independence
·
They
were led by the educated elite
·
They
demanded for fair taxation for Africans
·
They
demanded for improved conditions for African workers ( 5x 1 = 5)
(b) Factors that promoted the rise of African
nationalism in Kenya after 1945
·
Acquisition
of western Education by many Africans enabled them to understand political
development at internal level
·
The
experiences of ex –soldiers in WW2 made them realize that Europeans were not
superior hence demand for self- rule
·
Realization
by Britain that colonies were expensive to, administer hence the need to grant
self rule
·
The
granting of Independence to former British colonies inspired Africa to demand
for political independence
·
The
support given by pan –African in demanding for political independence gave
Africans confidence to press for political freedom
·
The
decolonization policy by the UNO inspired African Nationalists ( 5x 2
= 10)
Any Other
SECTION
C (30MARKS)
Answer two questions from this section
22. (a) Requirements that one must meet to be
registered as a voter in Kenya
·
Be
aKenyan Citizen of 18yrs and above
·
Be
of sound mind
·
Not
been convicted of an election offence
·
Have
documentary evidence of registration e.g.
original national ID or passport ( 3x 1 = 3)
(b) Roles of
the National Assembly in Kenya
·
Representing
the people of the constituencies and special interest
·
Deliberating
on end resolving issues that concern the people
·
Enacting
national legislation
·
Approving
nominees for various public offices
·
Determining
allocation of national revenue between the levels of government
·
Approving
government expenditure as well as then expenditure of other state organs
·
Overseeing
national revenue and its expenditure
·
Reviewing
the conduct of the president ,Deputy president and other state offices and
initiating the process of removing them from office
·
Exercising
oversight over state organs
·
Approving
declarations of war and extensions of states of emergence (6x 2 = 12)
23. (a) Five rights of a person with disability in
Kenya
·
To
be treated with dignity and respect
·
To
access education institutions and facilities for persons with disability
·
Reasonable
access to all places public transport and information
·
To
use sign languages Braille or appropriate means of communication
·
To
access materials and devices to overcome constraints arising from the persons
disability
·
At
least five percent of members of the public in elective bodies should be
persons with disabilities
(2x
5 = 10)
(b)Five conditions necessary for democracy to
succeed in a country like Kenya
·
There
must exist love for democratic institutions and the citizens must cherish ideas
of liberty and participate in democratic process
·
Government
to promote civic education
·
There
must be national unity and cohesiveness
·
A
responsible free and fearless press
·
Economic
democracy /equal distribution of resources
·
Party
system should be allowed to evolve
·
Good
leadership based on political convictions
·
Regular
free and fair elections
·
political
freedom –freedom of associate
·
Equality
before the law
·
Rule
of law and natural justice
·
A
Government that is tolerant transparent
and accountable (2x 5 = 10)
24. (a) Principles of devolved government in Kenya
·
Based
on democratic principles and separation
of power
·
County
Government shall have reliable sources of revenue so as to govern and deliver
services effectively
·
No
more than two thirds of the member of representative bodies in each county government
shall be of the same gender
·
County
executive committee will be in charge of executive duties in the county ( 3x 1 = 3)
(b) Six challenges
facing county governments in Kenya
·
Difficulty
in distributing evenly the resources they have within the county
·
Some
counties are not well endowed with resources
·
How
to share resources such as rivers and forest that cut across different counties
·
Lack
of familiarity with the new governance structures
·
Lack
of full autonomy as their operation can be stopped by the national government
·
Overlap
of function with the national government
·
The
counties may not have enough money and other resources to establish themselves
·
Recruiting
and training staff to carry out functions in the counties is a challenge
·
Tribal
interests in making appointments (6x 2
= 12)
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