MARKING SCHEME
1. Identify two advantages of using
linguistic as a source of historical information.
(i)
Linguistics give information
about the movement of people and their relationships.
(ii)
It helps people to understand
communities better since those with a
related language may had a common origin.
(iii)
Language helps those using oral
tradition to gather information from various sources as it is a medium of
communication.
(iv)
Language has enabled historical
linguistics to discover links between different people.
(v)
It is useful in dating of
migration of people. 2×
1 = 2 mks
2. State the most outstanding feature of
the middle stone age period.
-Discovery of fire. 1×1 = 1 mk
3. Identify the name used to describe the
land between rivers Tigris and Euphrates.
-Mesopotamia/ The
Fertile Crescent. 1×1
= 1 mk
4. Give the main reason why early
agriculture developed in Egypt.
-Existence of River Nile
which provided water for irrigation.
5. State two disadvantages of using a
messenger to pass on information.
(i)
It is slow/delays the
information.
(ii)
The information may be
distorted/misinterpreted.
(iii)
Information may be
lost/destroyed/forgotten. 2×1
= 2 mks
6. Give two means of water transport used during the ancient time.
(i)
Sailing/boats/ Oar driven boats.
(ii)
Rafts/logs.
(iii)
Canoes.
(iv)
Sailing ships/dhows. 2×1 = 2mks
7. Identify two reasons that led to the
decline of Meroe as an early urban center.
(i)
The collapse of agricultural
activities.
(ii)
Reduced trading activities.
(iii)
External attacks from the Kingdom
of Axum/the rise of Axum Kingdom.
(iv)
Depletion of iron minerals.
(v)
Effects of drought/desertification. 2×1 = 2 mks
8. Mention the clan from where the Shona
priests came from.
-Rozwi clan.
9. State one advantage of an unwritten constitution.
(i)
Simple to amend as they are
altered like ordinary laws.
(ii)
More acceptable by people/home
grown.
(iii)
Adaptable to new situations/flexible. 1× 1 = 1 mk
10. What is the difference between the
scramble and partition of Africa in the 19th century.
-The scramble was the struggle/competition/rush
by Europeans for colonies in Africa whereas partition
was sharing/dividing up of Africa into European spheres of influence. 2× 1 = 2 mks
11. Give one economic reason which made
European countries to scramble for colonies in Africa.
(i)
To obtain raw materials for their
industries.
(ii)
To acquire areas to invest their
surplus capital.
(iii)
To search for markets for their
manufactured goods. 1×1
= 1 mk
12. State one reason why Africans in
Tanganyika were against the use of Akidas by the German colonial administrators.
(i)
Akidas were foreigners/Arabs.
(ii)
Akidas took Africans chance in
administering their country.
(iii)
Akidas were brutal/harsh to the
Africans/flogging/whipping Africans. 1×
1 = 1 mk
13. Give the main reason for the failure of
the league of Nations.
-The rearmament of Germany. 1× 1 = 1 mk
14. Name the organ of the united nations
organization that promotes justice in the world.
-The international court
of Justice. 1×1 = 1 mk
15. Name two English speaking members of the
Economic community of west African States. (ECOWAS)
(i)
The Gambia.
(ii)
Liberia.
(iii)
Ghana.
(iv)
Niger.
(v)
Sierra Leona. 2* 1 = 2 mks
16. Identify two personalities who founded
the Non-Aligned movement.
(i)
Marshal Tito president of
Yugoslavia.
(ii)
Chou En Lai prime minister of China.
(iii)
Abdel Nassar president of Egypt.
(iv)
Jawaharlal Nehru prime minister
of India.
(v)
Surkano president of Indonesia. 2× 1 = 2 mks
17. Apart from political instability in
Uganda during the reign of Iddi Amin state two other reasons that led to the collapse of East African
Community in 1977.
(i)
Ideological differences among the
three member states
(ii)
Personality differences between
president Idd Amin of Uganda and Julius Nyerere of Tanzania.
(iii)
The perception of Uganda and
Tanzania that Kenya benefited more.
(iv)
National pride/Interest of member
states.
(v)
Failure to remit funds to the
community by member states/insufficient funds.
(vi)
The closure of boundaries by
member states.
2×1=2mks
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
18. (a) State
five modern farming practices which led to Agrarian revolution in The united
States.
(i)
Use of pesticides to control crop
and animals diseases.
(ii)
Use of fertilizers.
(iii)
Application of agricultural economics
and extension education.
(iv)
Use of farm machinery e.g. steel
plough.
(v)
Use iof hybrid seeds/ animal
cross breeds.
(vi)
Crop zoning as different regions
had different suitable soils for different crops.
(vii)
Practice of plantation/large
scale farming (estates). 5× 1
= 5mks
(b) Explain
five effects of Agrarian Revolution on the European society.
(i)
Improved farming methods led to increase
in food production.
(ii)
Population increased due to
abundant and adequate food.
(iii)
A large variety of crops were
produced e.g Maize beans and potatoes.
(iv)
New animal breeds were reared
e.gg fresian cattle Leicester, suffork sheep.
(v)
The farmers abandoned subsistence
farming and started large-scale farming.
(vi)
Mechanization of farming was done
to cultivate the large scale farms.
(vii)
The enclosure system made the
rich farmers to buy land from peasants leading to rural-urban migration.
(viii)
The Agrarian Revolution
contributed to industrial Revolution by providing raw materials required in
agro-based industries.
(ix)
The Agrarian Revolution led to
expansion of both local and international trade.
(x)
The development of agriculture
stimulated the expansion of transport network.
(xi)
The Agrarian revolution encouraged
research and scientific innovations.
(xii)
Some of the landless people
migrated to the USA, Canada, Australia , New Zealand and South Africa. 5× 2 = 10 mks
19. (a) State
five challenges facing industrialization in India.
(i)
Competition for market from
industrialized countries.
(ii)
High poverty level hence low
purchasing power.
(iii)
Poor transport and communication
systems.
(iv)
political instability due
constant conflicts with her neighbours like Pakistan.
(v)
Frequent natural calamities e.g.
drought,floods.
(vi)
Huge foreign debt.
(vii)
Under exploitation of resources
due to lack of technical know-how.
(viii)
Very high population which forces
the government to incur a lot in the provision of social services. 5× 1 = 5 mks
(b) Describe
Five factors that led to the emergence of Germany as an industrial power.
(i)
Establishment of the
Zollverein/custom union removed trade barriers leading to free trade and
economic growth.
(ii)
Availability of coal as source of
industrial energy as well as hydro-electric power.
(iii)
Availability of iron ore as a
source of raw materials for industries.
(iv)
Political unity of German states under
the leadership of Bismarck.
(v)
Acquisition of Alsace-Lorraine in
1871 which boosted Germany`s mineral resources.
(vi)
Existence of a large population providing
both skilled and unskilled labour.
(vii)
Availability of local market from
large population.
(viii)
Development of good transport and
communication network.
(ix)
The government supported industry
and encouraged German entrepreneurs.
(x)
Hardworking nature of Germans.
(xi)
Availability of water for domestic
and industrial use.
(xii)
Availability of capital.
(xiii)
Availability of external market
due to high quality goods.
(xiv)
Growth of Banking industries. 5× 2 = 10 mks.
20. (a) Give
FIVE grievances by Africans against apartheid in South Africa.
(i)
Africans were not allowed to vote
for the black representatives in government.
(ii)
They were prohibited from living
in urban areas/sharing facilities with whites.
(iii)
The pass laws restricted African
movement.
(iv)
They were confined into
Bantustans/reserves.
(v)
The labour laws denied them equal
employment opportunities.
(vi)
Low quality of education prepared
them for only low cadre jobs.
(vii)
The land acts gave whites
exclusive rights over land. 5× 1
= 5 mks
(b) Explain
five effects of the use of indirect rule by the British in Northern Nigeria.
(i)
Traditional rulers became
unpopular among their people due to the roles of collecting taxes, forceful
recruitment of Africans as laboures etc.
(ii)
The African chiefs became wealthier
than the rest of the people because they were paid for their services.
(iii)
It helped to preserve African
cultures in Northern Nigeria because the British did not want to interfere with
the African way of life.
(iv)
It led to the abolition of
Slavery and slave trade in Northern Nigeria.
(v)
The British abolished the Fulani
systems of taxation and replaced them with a single tax levied on each village.
(vi)
Retention of Muslim law/Sharia in
the North Mande the area lag behind.
(vii)
The British modified the previous
system of administration thus making the traditional African rulers lose their
independence. 5× 2 = 10 mks
21. (a) Why
did Lewanika of Lozi collaborated with the British.
(i)
He wanted British support to
secure his position as the King of Lozi.
(ii)
To protect the Lozi from the
Ndebele attacks.
(iii)
He was influenced by King Khama
of Ngwato of Bechunaland who had collaborated with the British.
(iv)
To protect his Kingdom against
threats by Portuguese, Germans and Boers.
(v)
To obtain western education and
helath facilities.
(vi)
To promote trade between the Lozi
and British/Acquire British manufactured goods e.g. guns.
(vii)
He was influenced by missionaries
such as Francois Coillard.
(viii)
He feared the superior military
power of the British/He saw the futility of resisting.
(ix)
To protect the independence of
the Lozi people. 5× 1 = 5 mks
(b) Write
down Five reasons why the shona joined the Ndebele in the chimurenga war. (1896-1897)
(i)
The British south Africa company
was harsh and cruel to the Shona.
(ii)
The shona cattle had been
confiscated by the company.
(iii)
The company had alienated shona
land.
(iv)
The shona were forced to provide
labour to Europeans farmers.
(v)
The company officials interfered
with the shona – Portuguese trade in gold,ivory and gun powder.
(vi)
Shona chiefs lost their
traditional positions and power to company officials.
(vii)
The company levied heavy taxes on
the shona.
(viii)
The Europeans missionaries abused
and disregarded Shona mwari/Mlimo cult and medium spirit leaders 5× 2 = 10 mks
SECTION C (30 MARKS)
22. (a) State
five reasons why the Allied forces defeated the Axis power during World War II.
(i)
They had large army and many
supporters than the axis power.
(ii)
Germany failed to effectively
control her expansive conquered territories which turned and fought against
her.
(iii)
USSR recovered from her losses,
rearmed and attacked Germany.
(iv)
USA joined the Allies.
(v)
Axis powers made serious tactical
mistakes/allied states were better trained.
(vi)
Allied forces possessed superior
weapons such as the atomic bomb..
(vii)
Allied states possessed more
resources which stretched the axis power. 5× 1 = 5mks
(b) Explain
five effects of the cold war by 1991.
(i)
Led to space race/developments in
science and technology.
(ii)
Caused insecurity as superpowers
competed for ideology.
(iii)
Splitting up of some territories
due to conflict between supporters of the superpowers e.g. Korea, Vietnam.
(iv)
Real war/hot war eg. Vietnam.
(v)
Lead to various crises in Europe
and Asia in the 1950s and 1960s.
(vi)
Led to division of Europe into
two blocs/division of Germany into East and West /iron curtain.
(vii)
Led to arms race between the
superpowers which disrupted international peace.
(viii)
Spread of capitalism and
communist ideologies.
(ix)
Led to formation of the
Non-aligned movement by countries in Asia and Africa to avoid cold war
conflicts.
(x)
Led to rise of dictators in
Arica/Coups/counter coups e.g. Mobutu seseko inD.R.C.
5×
2 = 10 mks
23. (a) Give Three political changes introduced
by Mobutu Sese Seko hich led to dictatorship in the Democratic Republic of Congo
(DRC).
(i)
He banned all the political
parties except the peoples Revolutionary movement which he led.
(ii)
He amended the constitution
stripping parliament of its powers.
(iii)
He abolished the federal system/centralized
power around himself.
(iv)
Civil servants were appointed by
the central government.
(v)
He declared himself life
president. 3× 1 = 3 mks
(b) Describe
six economic challenges Tanzania has experienced since independence.
(i)
High poverty levels
(ii)
Price fluctuations of
agricultural commodities such as tea, coffee, sisal .
(iii)
High inflation due to devaluation
of currency.
(iv)
Poor transport and communication
network affects development.
(v)
Ujamaa policy discouraged
hardwork and scared foreign investors.
(vi)
Drought and natural calamities
affects agricultural productions.
(vii)
High corruption levels especially
when Hassan Mwinyi introduced liberal economic policies to jump start the
economy.
(viii)
Mineral resources are not fully
exploited due to poverty, lack of technical expertise and poor transport
system.
(ix)
Collapse of the East Africa
Community in 1977 denied Tanzania a large market of her goods.
(x)
Lack of donor aid affected
development.
(xi)
Huge foreign debt to service.
(xii)
High cost of war against Uganda
(1978-1979) lowered the economy. 6×
2 = 12 mks
24. (a) Give THREE requirements for one to be
allowed to contest as presidential candindate in the united states of America.
(i)
One must be a citizen of America
by birth.
(ii)
One must be a resident of the
united states of America for atleast 14 years.
(iii)
Should not have been president
for the two four-year terms.
(iv)
Unless one is an independent
candidate he/she must be nominated by a political party.
(v)
Must be atleast 35 years of age.
(vi)
Must be morally upright. 3× 1 = 3 mks
(b) Write down six functions of the Monarch
in Britain.
(i)
The monarch approves/assents
bills before they became law.
(ii)
The monarch approves all
appointments to important state offices.
(iii)
The monarch is involved in enacting
treaties between the state and other countries in relation to foreign policy.
(iv)
The Monarch
summons/prorogues/dissolves parliament in consultation with the prime minister.
(v)
The Monarch gives consent to all
cabinet appointments.
(vi)
The monarch has powers to pardon
people who have been accused of committing various offences.
(vii)
The Monarch appoints
bishops/archbishops of the church of England.
(viii)
The Monarch advises/counsels the
head of government.
(ix)
The monarch nominates members to
the house of Lords/confers honors to persons who have rendered outstanding
services to the state.
The monarch is the commander in chief of the
armed forces. 6× 2 = 12mks
