MARKING
SCHEME
1.
Give two
chemicals dating methods used by archeologists ( 2mks)
i.
Radios carbon
dating
ii.
Potassium argon
dating
2.
State one
important points in Charles Darwin’s theory of material selection
(1mk)
i.
All living organisms are unique based hereditary
factors
ii.
Out of the many
offspring’s produced only a few of these manage to develop to maturity
iii.
Only these
offspring’s that are able to constantly adapt to the existing environment
survive
iv.
Among the
offspring’s only the fittest ones survive
v.
Isolation and adaptation are the last stages
in evolution
3.
Mention two ways
in which the invention of the wheel promoted early have no point
(2mks)
i.
Facilitated
travelling over long distance
ii.
It facilitated
transportation of heavy loads
iii.
Facilitated
speedy transportation of people and goods
iv.
Enhanced
expansion of paths into wider loads
v.
Enhanced the
movement of soldiers during wars
4.
Name two metals
that were used as currency in pre-colonial African (2ks)
i.
Gold
ii.
Copper
iii.
Iron
5.
Identify one
social consequences of the development of early agriculture in Egypt (1mk)
i.
It led to
population increase
ii.
It led to
settled /permanent/sedentary life
iii.
Led to
development of urban centers/urbanization
iv.
Led to
development of uniting/authentic
6.
Give two main
items of the Trans-Saharan trade from western Sudan ( 2mks)
i.
Gold
ii.
Slaves
iii.
Kola nuts
iv.
Feathers
v.
Hides and skins
vi.
Ivory
vii.
Gum
viii.
Dyed cloth
ix.
Pepper
7.
State one
limitation of using five and smoke signals in communication( 1mk)
i.
Not
universal/messages limited to the communities using them
ii.
They conveyed
messages faster
iii.
A cheaper method
of passing a message
iv.
Depended on the
prevailing weather
8.
Identify two
social function of the ancient Greek city of Athens ( 2mks)
i.
Education center
ii.
Sports center
iii.
Center for
debate i.e. Agora
iv.
Religious center
9.
The chartered
company that was used to administer Tanganyika during the process of
colonization
( 1mk)
-
German East
Africa company
10. Name one mandated territory in Africa (1mk)
i.
Togo
ii.
Tanganyika
iii.
Cameroon
iv.
Namibia
v.
Rwanda urungi
11. Give two economic reasons which made European
countries to resemble for colonies in Africa (2mks)
i.
New sources
of raw materials for their industries
ii.
Looking for new
markets for their industrial products
iii.
Looking for
places to invest their surplus capital
iv.
Looking for
places to supply them with labour.
12. The leader of the Inkatha freedom party during the
1994 election in South African (1mk)
-
Mangosuthe Buthelezi
13. Two ways in which mwalimu Julius Nyerere promoted
the development of education in Tanganyika (2mks)
v.
Provision of
free universal education beginning 1977
vi.
Primary
education was made compulsory in 1978
vii.
Establishment of
university of Dares salaam and Sokoine university of agriculture
viii.
Education system
was overhauled in the administration, curriculum and basic concepts
14. The main duty of the executive secretary of ECOWAS
(1mk)
-
Day-to-day
administration of ECOWAS
15. The main role of the British Monarch in relation to
the Anglican church of England ( 1mk)
-
Appointment of
bishops and archbishop of the Anglican church of England
16. Name one of the main political parties in Britain
(1mk0
i.
Conservative
party
ii.
Liberal party
iii.
Social
democratic party
17. Two treaties
signed between the allies and the
central powers at the end of the 1st world war(2mk)
i.
The treaty of Versailles
ii.
Treaty of St.
germain
iii.
Treaty of
Neuilly
iv.
Treaty of
Trianon
v.
Treaty of
services /treaty of Lausanne
SECTION B (45MARKS)
18. a. Three similarities between early agriculture in
Mesopotamia and Egypt (3mks)
i.
Both developed a
system of storage and preservation of farm produce
ii.
There was
availability of water for irrigation
iii.
Both of them
developed a system of irrigation
iv.
Both used farms
implements e.g. Stone, wood and later metal tools e.g. Ox-ploughs
v.
Both also leased
animals e.g. Sheep, cattle and children
vi.
Both developed
writing/authentic to keep farm wounds
vii.
Both handed in
farm produce.
b.Explain
this results of agrarian revolution on Britain (12mks)
i.
It led to
increased food production as better scientific methods were used
ii.
It led to rapid
population growth due to increased food production
iii.
Led to
introduction of capital farming i.e agriculture was in the hands of
professional farmers
iv.
Capital farming
led to emergence of landless peasants as land was consolidated
v.
Capital farming
also led to development of wage labour
vi.
Led to
development of agro-based industries e.g
carving
vii. It encouraged trade in agricultural produce
viii.
It led to
rural-urban migration as landless peasant moved to towns to seek employment
ix.
It led to
increase in price of land and land rent
x.
Led to the
development of plantation agriculture as farmers abandoned insistence
agriculture
xi.
Led to transfer
of scientific skills from Britain to other counties e.g USA
xii. It led to improved transport system
xiii.
Mechanization
led to decrease in demand for farm labour
19.
Five factors that facilitated the development of
Trans-Saharan trade (5mks)
i.
Availability of
capital from the Berbers and Turges
ii.
Existence of
local trade in the western Sudan belt
iii.
Availability of
trade goods e.g. gold, houses, ivory etc
iv.
High demand for
goods especially from the South
v.
Existence of
co-operation between the Berbers and Tuaregs
vi.
Tuaregs provided
security and maintained the oases
vii.
Existence of
park animals e.g. houses and camels for transportation
viii.
Emergence of
strong rules e.g. Mansa musa who secured the market
ix.
Existed of
well-established trade routes
x.
Increased
contacts between North Africa and Southern Europe and the Middle East.
b.Explain ways in which Trnas-Sharan trade led to
the development of kingdoms in western Sudan (10mks)
i.
It was a source
of revenue and brought wealth to the kingdoms
ii.
Kings acquired
houses and five aims which they used to expand
iii.
Blamic law
cohesion was introduced by traders and was used in administration of kingdoms
iv.
Kings were able
to acquire personal wealth through trade and they became powerful and commanded
respect
v.
Muslims
personnel were used by the kings as advisors and societies. This led to effective administration
vi.
It stimulated
local trade which generated wealth the
state
20.
a. State five resolution of the Berlin conference
(5mks)
i.
Any state laying
claim to any part of Africa must inform other interested parties
ii.
All signatories
must declare their sphere of influence i.e. an area under their occupation
iii.
Effective
occupation of areas declared sphere of influence
iv.
Any European
power acquiring territory must stamp out slave trade and safeguard African
interest
v.
Basis of rivers
Congo and Niger left for five navigation by any European power ‘
vi.
Any
European power claiming any part of the
African coast had to take the interior land
vii.
The powers
recognized king Leopold’s claim over Congo free state
viii.
Any power
wishing to declare a protectorate in Africa had to show its authority in the
region.
b.Explain the
role played by religion in the Majimaji uprising of 1905-1907 (10mks)
i.
Religious
leaders organized the uprising e.g. Kinjekitile Ngwale
ii.
Religious united
and brought several communities together to fight the Germans
iii.
Religious helped
in the spread of the rebellion and recruitment of soldiers
iv.
It provided
ideology/propaganda which guided the warriors
v.
It threatened
and worried those supportive to the German
vi.
Gave hope to the
fighters that there who died joined the ancestors
vii. It provided courage and determination to the
fighters to face the German
21.
State three characteristics of direct rule in
Zimbabwe (3mks)
i.
The practice of
racial segregation
ii.
Africans were to
provide labour in the Europe’s farms
iii.
Massive land
alienation for white settlers farming
iv.
Presence of
large number of European settlers which influenced system of administration
v.
The belief by the British that the colony was
pre-ordained to be a white settlers colony
vi.
Administration
by BSACO
vii. Administration by white performing even simple
administrative duties
viii.
Traditional
rules were deprived of their judicial powers
ix.
Africans
education was discouraged
b. Explain five
results of the British direct rule in Zimbabwe (10mks)
i.
Large facts of
land were taken away from the Africans by the white settlers
ii.
African
indigenous rules lost their political power
iii.
Africans were
subjected to intense economic exploitation e.g through taxation ,forced labour
iv.
Africans were
forced to provide cheap labour on the white farms
v.
White settlers
enhanced the production of cash crops
vi.
Transport ,trade
and industry were developed in settlers regions
vii. International justice
SECTION C
(30MARKS)
22.
a. State three functions of the assembly of the
league of nations (3mks)
i.
To control the
badger ( including contributions and expenditures) of the league
ii.
To admit new
members to the organization
iii.
To appoint
non-permanent members to the league
iv.
To consider
treaties of the organization
v.
To supervise the
work of the league of nations council
vi.
To appoint the
15 judges of the permanent court of international justice
b. Explain six causes of the First World War (12mks)
i.
Economic usually
among European power
ii.
Colonial rivalry
iii.
\the first
monocean crisis
iv.
The second
monocean crisis
v.
The
Italo-Turkish colonial disputes over Libya
vi.
The arms race
vii. The system of alliance
viii. Need for ravage
ix.
Nationalism
among European powers
x.
The Bachan wars
of 1912-1913
23. a. Identify three aims of Pan-African movement
(3mks)
i.
to unite of the
peoples of African descent
ii.
to challenge the
ideology of white supremacy
iii.
to improve the
African conditions in the continent and in the diaspora
iv.
to restone the
dignity of the black people
v.
to create a
forum through which protects against colonialism would be channeled
vi.
to fight
neo-colonialism
b.Explain six
challenges that faced EAC before 2001(12mks)
i.
suspicious among
members states especially on superiority
of Kenya
ii.
Kenyan
businessmen complain that Tanzania subjects their products to tariff buriers
iii.
Transboided
struggling of vehicles and other goods across the boarders
iv.
Obtained
relation between Kenyan and Uganda over Migingo Inland and the mistreatment of
Kenyan fishermen
v.
Cattle –rustling
across the boarders leading to insecurity and deaths e.g. between Kenyan and
Uganda boarders
vi.
Divided loyalty
as EAC members also belong to the regional block e.g. SADC, COMESA.
24.
A. State five advantages of federal system of
government as practiced in USA (5mks)
i.
It enables
different state to live together but retain their district identities
ii.
Enables the
states to have more economic viability since cash state can access the market
in other states
iii.
States can
tackle their common problems jointly
iv.
Security for small
states is ensured since there is existence of a joint defense
v.
Federation
enables reveal states to work as one political unit
vi.
Ensures the
interest small states and minority groups are protected
vii.
Enables members
states to benefit from the federal pool of
resources
viii.
It eases trade
by eliminating custom duties and by the use of a common currency
b. Describe five functions of the house of common
(10mks)
i.
To legislate
/make laws but the monarchy and the house of hounds can vets such laws
ii.
It’s the
guardian of the national wealth and have controls finance
iii.
It calls
attention to abuses in society and demands the settlement of public grievances
iv.
It controls the
executive and can force the cabinet to resign through a reduction of a non-confidence vote
v.
It’s a training
ground for future leaders
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