SARUFI NA ISIMUJAMII 01

1.         UFAHAMU:   (ALAMA 15)

Kwa wale wanaopenda kusema uongo, siku zao zinaendelea kuwa chache kila kukicha.  Teknolojia na wanasaikolojia wanaendelea kuvumbua njia na mbinu mbalimbali za kumaliza uongo katika uso wa
ulimwengu.
Kwanza, wataalamu sasa wanasema kuwa kumwangalia mtu usoni mnapozungumza moja kwa moja ni njia moja muhimu ya kutathmini kama mtu anasema ukweli ama la.  Inasemekana kuwa majaji na mahakimu hutumia njia hii kutathmini na kuamua kesi.  Aidha, wapelelezi pia huitumia wanapodekua habari kutoka kwa washukiwa.  Kuna chombo maalumu ambacho pia husaidia kuonyesha ubongo wa mtu unavyokwenda na kuonyesha kama anasema ukweli ama la.
Sasa, wataalamu wanapendekeza njia za kujua kama mtu anasema uongo ama ukweli.  Kwanza, ni muhimu kuangalia jinsi mtu anayezungumza anavyotabasamu.  Iwapo anatabasamu kwa njia ya kulazimishwa, basi kuna uwezekano kuwa mtu huyo anasema uongo.  Mtu kama huyo ataonekana kutokuwa stadi na kama mwenye kulazimishwa kulifanya jambo, hali ambayo ni muhali katika maisha ya kawaida.
Pili, ni muhimu kuangalia mikono na miguu yake.  Mtu anayesema uongo ataonekana kuwa na mikono na miguu isiyoweza kusonga kwa haraka na inayoonekana kutatizwa kila mara anapotaka kusogeza kama katika kueleza jambo.  Mikono hiyo inaweza kutumika kupangusa uso, pua ama sikio lakini haiwezi kugusa kifua kwa urahisi.
Ni muhimu kuzingatia kama anayezungumza nawe anatokwa jasho jembamba ama la.  Watu wengi wanapodanganya huwa wanatokwa na jasho jekejeke.  Wakati kama huu wanaosema uongo huongeza masuala mengine mengi ambayo hukuwauliza kama njia ya kukushawishi.
Zingatia jinsi mtu anayezungumza anavyosongeza macho yake.  Mtu anayedanganya hapendi kumwangalia anayemdanganya machoni moja kwa moja.  Wanaosema uongo pia hupenda kupepesapepesa macho kwa haraka.  Watu hupenda kuangalia kushoto sana (huku wakikumbuka yaliyotendeka hasa, taswira yake) na upande wa kulia (wakiunda taswira bandia) kuhusu yaliyotokea
Ni muhimu pia kuzingatia jinsi mtu anayesema chochote anavyoonyesha hisia zake na wakati anaotumia kufanya hivyo, jambo ambalo si dhahiri mtu anapodanganya.  Hisia hucheleweshwa, hubakia kwa muda mrefu kuliko kawaida, halafu zikakatizwa ghafla.  Vile vile, hisia hizo huenda zisiambatane na yanayosemwa.  Kwa upande wa kutabasamu, huenda hisia zinazojitokeza usoni zijionyeshe mdomoni tu na si kwingine kwa mtu anyedanganya.
Wataalamu wanasema kuwa mtu anayedanganya hupigwa kumbo na kukatwakatwa maini na maswali huku akitikisa kichwa kuchelewa kuyajibu maswali moja kwa moja.  Jibu la kweli linakuja moja kwa moja kwani liko akilini.  Maneno anayotumia na jinsi ambavyo ameyapanga ni ishara nyingine ya kuonyesha mwongo.  Watu waongo hutumia maneno uliyotumia kuuliza swali, hawajibu swali moja kwa moja, husema sana, hawabadilishi kiimbo na shadda, na hawatumii viwakilishi na hutumia ucheshi ili kukanganya.
Maswali:
(a)             Kwa nini mwandishi anasema kuwa dunia itakuwa ngumu kwa wanaopenda kudanganya?(alama 2)                     
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            (b)       Ni kwa nini uso wa mwongo ni njia rahisi ya kumshika?                                         (alama 4)
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            (c)       Mbali na mtazamo wa uso, eleza sifa zingine zinazotambulisha mwongo.             (alama 5)                        ______________________________________________________________________________
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            (d)       Wataalamu wanasema nini kuhusu kutumia hisia za mtu anayesema uongo.            (alama 2)
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            (e)       Eleza maana ya msamiati huu kama ulivyotumiwa katika taarifa.                          (alama 2)
(i)              Muhali _________________________________________________________________
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2.         UFUPISHO:   (ALAMA 15)
            Inasemekana kuwa Afrika ilibuni lugha, Bara la Asia likaitakasa na Ulaya nayo ikaieneza kwaulimwengu mzima.  Sasa ni lazima Waafrika waiimarishe.  Vivyo hivyo twaweza kusema kuwa Kenyailichipuza Kiswahili, Mashariki ya kati ikaisambaza na Ulaya ikaikuza.  Wakati umefika kuistawisha.
Ni wazi kuwa Kiswahili kimepitia hatua nyingi tangu kichimbuke pwani ya Kenya.  Safari ya lugha hii
imekuwa ya kuvunja mwitu na sasa imefikia awamu ambapo inahitaji kuimarishwa. Ili kuweza kupiga
masamba katika jambo hili, yahitaji kuzua mikakati maalumu ambayo hatuna budi kufuatilia kwa jino na ukucha.
Wakati wa watu kutumia Kiswahili ‘kuombea maji’ umekwisha.  Hii imekuwa lugha yenye hadhi na ni
lazima kusisitiza matumizi ya Kiswahili Sanifu, fasaha na sahihi katika asasi na maeneo mbalimabli.
Wabunge na madiwani wetu lazima waendeshe mijadala na mikutano yao kwa Kiswahili safi.  Njia
moja ya kutimiza haya ni kuwataka kutoa ithibati ya ulimisi wa Kiswahili cha kuandika na kusema kabla
ya kuruhusiwa kugombea nyadhifa mbalimbali.
Ni ajabu kuwa watu wanapotumia lugha za kigeni kama Kiingereza, Kifaransa na Kijerumani kimakosa,
huhisi haya na hulazimika kuomba radhi.  Kama ni jukwaani, wengi hutokwa jasho kwa fedheha.  Nayo
hadhira hucheka, kushangaa au hata kushusha macho kwa soni.  Lakini watu wanapovuruga Kiswahili
wengi huona ni jambo la kawaida.  Hufanya hivyo bila kutokwa na ulimi.  Tabia hii lazima isitishwe
kwa kulazimisha Kiswahili kitumike ipasavyo shuleni, sokoni, kanisani, kazini na popote pale.  Kwa
kweli ni aibu kwa raia kutoweza kutumia lugha ya taifa kwa ufasaha.
Ili watu wasitumie ujuzi wao duni wa Kiswahili kama kisingizio yapasa ufunzaji na ujifunzaji wa Kiswahili hata kama ni madarasa ya kisoma cha watu wazima, vyuo vya ualimu au vya aina yoyote ile lazima mafunzo yatolewe kwa Kiswahili Sanifu.
Ufundishaji wa Kiswahili ukishashika kani, itakuwa rahisi kuwahimiza wananchi na viongozi kuandama desturi ya kuendesha shughuli zote rasmi na za Kitaifa ya Kiswahili bila hata haja ya kutafsiri kwa Kiingereza.  Ni vizuri wazalendo waone fahari kutumia Kiswahili kila inapobidi.  Kwa nini Kiswahili kitumiwe tu yanapohusika masuala ya kijuujuu?  Kati ya mikakati muhimu zaidi ni kutangaza vita dhidi ya mielekeo hasi.  Kuna watu wanaohisi kuwa Kiswahili ni lugha duni na haina hadhi.  Wanaona haifai kutumiwa kuzungumzia masuala nyeti kama uchumi, siasa, sheria, na kadhalika.  Haya lazima yakomeshwe.
Halikadhalika mkakati mwingine wa kuimarisha Kiswahili ni vyuo vikuu vyote kuanzisha idara ya Kiswahili.  Lengo ni kuhakikisha kuwa wasomi watafanya utafiti kuhusu Kiswahili na ufundishwaji wake.  Matokeo ya utafiti yatasaidia kuboresha mbinu za kufunza Kiswahili katika ngazi zote za elimu.  Yasaidia pia kubainisha hadhi ya lugha, matatizo yake na kinanchohitajika kufanywa ili kurekabisha hali.
Kiswahili hakitaimarika kama kitabaki tu kama soma kwenye ratiba za shule.  Kikitumiwa kufundishia masomo mengine basi kuna uwezekano wa hadhi yake kuimarika.  Kwa kweli masomo kama ya maadili, historia, sayansi kimu, siasa na dini yanaweza kufundishwa kwa Kiswahili bila shida.  Katika vyuo vikuu, kitumike pia kufundishia mbinu za mawasiliano.
Mikakati ya kaimarisha Kiswahili inategemeana na kusukumana.  Kwa mfano, ufanisi wa baadhi ya mambo tuliyotaja hapo juu hautapatikana bila vitabu na maandishi.  Kwa hivyo ipo haja ya kuzidisha juhudi katika uandishi na uchapishaji wa vitabu katika taaluma mbalimbali.
Tunaamini kuwa waliosema Kambare mkunje angali mbichi hawakukosea.  Ni muhimu basi kuongeza marudufu juhudi za kutoa vitabu vya watoto ili kupunguza pengo la uhaba wa vitabu vyao.  Wakiwa na msingi huu watainukia kukimudu na kukipenda Kiswahili.
Teknohama yaani vyombo vya teknolojia ya habari, utangazaji na mawasiliano vyastahili pongezi kwa kusaidia kuimarisha Kiswahili yapasa redio, televisheni na magazeti yatoe nafasi zaidi kwa Kiswahili.  Vilevile vyombo hivi vipunguze gharama ya matangazo ili kuwavutia wateja.  Lakini muhimu kabisa ni kuhakikisha kuwa waandishi na watangazaji wa habari wanatumia Kiswahili sahihi.
Aidha mkakati wa kupanua msamiati na istilahi katika Nyanja muhimu kama sayansi, utabibu, siasa, masuala ya kijinsia, uwajibikaji, uchumi, teknolojia na kadhalika ni lazima.  Hii itakuwa nyenzo ya kuhimiza matumizi ya Kiswahili.  Na tunapofanya haya tusisahau kutambua michango ya wasomi na watu wanaokuza Kiswahili.  Yafaa tuendeleze juhudi zao na tuwatuze nishani za Kitaifa.



Zaidi ya yote, italazimu kuanzisha vyombo vya Kitaifa vya kulea Kiswahili.  Vyombo hivi ni kama Baraza la Kiswahili na Taasisi ya Kiswahili.  Vyombo hivi yapasa viwe na matawi Wilayani na vichukue hatua ya kueneza shughuli mpaka mashinani.  Vina nafasi kubwa katika kuiunganisha mikakati mingine yote na hivyo kuipa lugha hii nafasi ya mbele katika mawanda yote ya Kitaifa na Kimataifa.
                        Maswali:
            (a)       Eleza mikakati iliyojadiliwa katika taarifa ya kukimarisha Kiswahili.  (Maneno 65-75)                                    (alama 9)
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Jibu

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 (b)      Fupisha aya ya nane.  (Maneno 20)                                                                           (alama 3)
Matayarisho

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Jibu

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3.         MATUMIZI YA LUGHA:    (ALAMA 40)
            (a)       Andika sentensi ifuatayo upya ukitumia amba.                                                        (alama 1)
                        Mtu atakayeshinda ataapishwa.
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            (b)       Kanusha sentensi zifuatazo:                                                                                      (alama 2)
(i)              Mkicheza vizuri mtatunukiwa.
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(ii)            Alikuwa akisinzia alipokuwa akisoma.
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            (c)       Andika kinyume cha sentensi hii:                                                                              (alama 2)
                        Je, ukifa maskini umepatwa na laana?
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            (d)       Eleza matumizi ya ‘ki’ iliyopigwa mstari katika sentensi hii.                                 (alama 3)
                        Ukirusha kipira hiki kitapotea.
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            (e)       Changanua sentensi hii kwa kutumia mchoro wa matawi.                                      (alama 4)
                        Mvuvi hodari alivua jodari wengi jana jioni.


f)         Geuza sentensi hii iwe katika kauli ya kutendesha.                                                 (alama 2)
                        Mama humfanya mtoto wake kula.
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            (g)       Bainisha virai na vishazi katika sentensi hizi.                                                          (alama 4)
(i)              Unga wa ngano ulipakiwa vyema.
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(ii)            Mahindi yaliyovunwa yalikokolewa jana.
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            (h)       Eleza matumizi ya neno huyu katika sentensi hizi.                                                  (alama 2)
(i)              Huyu alicheza vizuri.
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                        (ii)       Mtoto huyu alicheza vizuri.                     
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            (i)        Kwa kutunga sentensi onyesha tofauti ya vitate hivi.                                              (alama 2)
(i)              Pua na bua
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                        (j)        Bainisha aina ya vitenzi katika sentensi hii:                                                 (alama 3)
                                    Kusoma si kazi siku hizi, kazi ni kutafuta kibarua.
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                        (k)       Andika sentensi ifuatayo upya ukitumia hali ya –ngali-.                              (alama 2)
                                    Ukikesha utasinzia darasani.
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                        (l)        Tambua aina ya viwakilishi katika sentensi hizi.                                          (alama 4)
(i)              Cha kuvunda hakina ubani.
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(ii)            Kwangu hakujafyekwa
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                        (m)      Tunga sentensi kudhihirisha matumizi ya ngeli ya U-Zi hali ya wingi.            (alama 2)
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                        (n)       Eleza matumizi moja moja ya viwakifishi vifuatavyo:                                 (alama 3)
                                    (i)        Kistari kirefu.
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(ii)       Mshazari.
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(iii)          Parandesi.
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                        (o)       Toa mfano wa neno lenye muundo wa konsonanti tatu na irabu.                         (alama 1)
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                        (n)       Bainisha aina ya shamirihso katika sentensi hii.                                                   (alama 3)
                                    Mgonjwa ameletewa chai kwa chupa na swaleh.
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4.         ISIMU JAMII:  (ALAMA 10)
            Kijana:  Mama unakwenda?            Mama:   Kwenda wapi?            Kijana:  Ala, wapi kwingine ila mjini?            Mama:   Siendi            Kijana:  Haya basi.  Dere poa wacha mioto! Beba mmoja, kwako! Dada njoo, usafirie ---- mtumba ---
   nafasi ya mtu mmoja, commercial ---- usiachwe gari ni ishirini tu ---- bei ya chini kuliko
   mkate.            Dada:     Nina ashu, utanibeba?            Kijana:  Ah, dada! Ongeza dada, tayari nimekupunguzia kwa kukwambia mbao kawaida huwa ni finje.            Dereva:  Auntie anasema nini?            Kijana:  Ananyonga ashu.            Dereva:  Basi mbebe sare.            Kijana:  Dada dere amekulipia. Basi dere gari liko seti, stage ya kwanza jijini.
            (a)       Eleza muktadha wa mazungumzo haya.                                                                    (alama 2)
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            (b)       Eleza sifa nne za matumizi ya lugha katika muktadha huu.                                     (alama 8)
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