SECTION
A(25 MARKS)
Answer
all the questions in this section
1. Identify
the branch of history that studies the cultural practices of people.
-
Social history l x
1=1mk
2. Name
the area in Kenya where the remains of Kenyapithecus were discovered.
(i)
Fort tenan near kericho.
(ii)
Samburu hills.
(iii)
Lake Baringo Basin.
(iv)
Lake Turkana Basin. 1 x 1=
1mk
3. Identify
two customs associated with southern cushites in Kenya.
(i)
Circumcision.
(ii)
Taboo against fish consumption among the Cushitic groups.
(iii)
Age-set organization. 2 x
1=2mks
4. Give
the main social custom the Abasuba adopted from the Luo.
-
Dholuo language. 1 x
1=1mk
5. State
two problems faced by Oman arabs along the East African coast.
(i)
Constant rebellion from the coastal people
(ii)
A tacks by the sea pirates along the Indian ocean.
(iii)
Threats of Persian invasion to their country.
(iv)
Civil wars back home. 2x
1=2 mks
6. Name
two communities in Kenya that participated in the long-distance trade during
the 19th Century.
(i)
Akamba.
(ii)
Mijikenda.
(iii)
Waswahili 2x
1=2 mks
7. Give
the main way in which the use of Kiswahili promotes National unity in Kenya.
-
It facilitates easy communication
between people of different communities. 1x 1=1mk
8. Identify
two groups that participated in the second Lancaster house conference of 1962.
(i)
African representatives (KANU, KADU, APP)
(ii)
Asian representatives.
(iii)
White settlers representatives.
(iv)
Colonial officials.
2 x
1=2mks
9. Name
the last stage of constitution making process in Kenya.
-
Promulgation of the constitution. 1 x 1
= 1mk
10. Identify
the treaty that established the spheres of influence in East Africa in 1886.
-
The Anglo-German Agreement (1886) 1 x 1=1mk
11. Identify
two peaceful methods used to establish colonial rule in Kenya.
(i)
Signing of treaties.
(ii)
Collaboration.
(iii)
Establishment of Administration post/operational bases. 2x 1=2mks
12. State
two groups that provided education in Kenya during the colonial period.
(i)
Christian Missionaries. .
(ii)
The Asian/community organization.
(iii)
African themselves.
(iv)
Colonial government. 2x
1=2mks
13. Identify
the immediate cause for the declaration of state of emergency in Kenya in 1952.
-
The murder of loyalist chief Waruhiu Wa
Kung’u. 1 x 1= 1mk
14. Name
the officer who oversees the implementation of the county government budgets.
-
The controller of Budget l x
1=1mk
15. Identify
the role of the president in the Kenya defence forces.
-
The commander in-chief of the Kenya
defence forces. 1 x
1=1mk
16. State
two organs of the county government in Kenya.
(i) The
county Assembly.
(ii) The
county executive committee 2x
1=2mks
17. Give
two ways in which one can become a member of National Assembly in Kenya.
-
Nomination
-
Election. 2x 1=2mks
SECTION
B: (45 MARKS)
Answer Any three
questions in this section
18. (a)
Eastern Cushitic groups in Kenya.
(i) Somali
(ii) Boraria.
(iii)
Rendille.
(iv)Burji.
(v) Oromo/Galla.
(vi) Gabbra.
3x
1=3mks
(b)
Describe the social organization of the Mijikenda during the pre-colonial
period.
(i) Family
was the basic social unit.
(ii) Several
related families formed a clan.
(iii)
They practiced exogamy, and marriage
between members of the same clan was prohibited.
(iv)Polygamy
was allowed.
(v) Boys
and girls were initiated by circumcision at puberty.
(vi)Age-set
system was formed by initiates.
(vii)
Believed in one God (Mulungu) who was
worshipped in sacred places.
(viii) Prayers
were offered through ancestral spirits.
(ix)They
had specialists like prophets and priests who foretold the future and
interpreted God’s messages.
(x) Sacrifices
were offered in form of goats sheep etc.
(xi)They
lived in fortified villages called Kayas. Any
(6x 2) 12mks
19. (a)
Identify three missionaries societies that were involved in spread of
Christianity in Kenya
during the 19th Century.
(i) Church
missionary society.
(ii) Church
of Scotland mission.
(iii)
United Methodist church mission.
(iv)African
inland mission.
(v) Consolata
fathers.
(vi)Seventh
Day Adventist.
(vii)
Friends mission
(viii) Holy
Ghost Fathers.
(ix)Mill
hill fathers. Any 3
x 1=3mks
(b)
Explain six effects of missionary activities in Kenya during the 19th century.
(i) Many
Africans were converted into Christianity.
(ii) Africans
cultures were undermined and condemned like polygamy and female circumcision.
(iii)
Western education and civilization were
spread, where Africans were taught how to read and write.
(iv)Missionary
promoted medical services by building hospitals and dispensaries.
(v) Their
work led to the abolition of the slave trade in East Africa.
(vi)They
contributed to exploration. Krapf and Rebman became the first Europeans to see
Mt. Kenya and Mt. Kilimajaro respectively.
(vii)
Their work led to the establishment of
independent African schools and churches.
(viii) Missionaries
represented Africans in the legislative council. John Arthur represented
Africans in the legco in Kenya.
(ix)The
missionaries translated the Bible into local languages.
(x) The
missionaries introduced new crops and taught Africans new farming methods.
(xi)Missionaries
were forerunners of colonialists as they pacified Africans and later asked
their mother countries to give them protection. Any
(6x2 ) = 12mks
20. (a)
State five grievances that the Asians presented to the Duke of Devonshire in
1923.
(i) They
wanted to own land in the white highlands which they had been denied.
(ii) They
wanted the ban on their immigration lifted.
(iii)
They wanted equal rights and
opportunities with the Europeans.
(iv)They
wanted to be allowed to use Europeans markets in Nairobi.
(v) They
did not want accused Asians to be tried by a Jury.
(vi) They
wanted increased representation in the legislative council. Any
5x1=5mks
(b)
Explain five effects of the Devonshire white paper of 1923.
a. It
saved the Africans from harsh treatment like had been witnessed in other
colonies like south Africa and Zimbabwe.
b. Indians
were denied settlement in the white highlands.
c. Its
content angered both the Europeans and Asians as it seemed to favour the
Africans.
d. Africans
were recognized as the natives of the Kenyan land.
e. Rivalry
between the Indians and Europeans settlers increased.
f. It
failed to resolve African labour and land issues.
g. A
missionary (Dr. Arthur) was nominated to represent the Africans in the
legislative council.
h. It
increased African political awareness hence they started forming political
organizations. Any
(5x2 ) = 10mks
21. (a) Identify five main features of African
socialism as spelt out in sessional paper No. 10 of 1965.
(i) Political
democracy.
(ii) Mutual
social responsibility.
(iii)
Various forms of ownership.
(iv)Equity.
(v) Diffusion
of ownership.
(vi) Progressive
taxation. Any
(5x 1) = 5mks
(b)
Describe five ways in which Harambee philosophy has contributed to development
in Kenya
since independence.
(i) It
has promoted unity.
(ii) It
has encouraged mutual social responsibility a people cooperate in projects.
(iii)
Promoted democratic participation in
national development.
(iv)It
has developed education through the building of classrooms, laboratories and
libraries.
(v) Rural
access roads and bridges have been constructed through Harambee funds.
(vi)It
has promoted agricultural development through irrigation, tree planting,
communal construction of cattle dips, terracing and gabion construction.
(vii)
Church, mosque and other religious
centers have been built promoting spiritual nourishment.
(viii) Improvement
of welfare of persons with special needs.
(ix)It
created a forum for leaders to educate the public on issues of national concern
like HIV and Aids, drug abuses and human rights.
(x) It
has improved the living standards of people through the provision of piped
water, electricity, farmland and construction of houses.
(xi)It
has promoted self-reliance and African socialism. Any 5x2=10mks
SECTION
C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions in this
section
22. (a)
State five aims of prison sentence in Kenya.
(i) Rehabilitating
people.
(ii) Punishing
offenders.
(iii)
Deterring those who might be thinking of
committing offences.
(iv)Removing
temporarily those who threaten societal peace.
(v) Justice/Revenge.
Any
5x1 = 5mks
(b)
Explain five challenges facing the national intelligence service in Kenya.
(i) Lack
of trust from the public which denies them crucial information from citizens.
(ii) Feeling
by the general public that the agency lacks accountability in its operation
(iii)
Growing volume and complexity of
communication that presents security challenge to the agency.
(iv)There
are threats from internal and external forces which have overwhelmed the
agency.
(v) Inadequate
regular training to equip its officers with the skills to handle the complex
tasks they are to carry out.
(vi)Political
interference by those who intend to use the services to gain political mileage.
(vii)
Limited financial and human resources
which limit its operations.
(viii) The
service is never accorded an opportunity to defend itself against blames for
the public because of the covert nature of
its operations.
(ix)The
service lacks powers to follow up on implementation of the advice they give.
(x) Lack
of clear distinction between accountability and necessary secrecy has brewed
tension. Any (5x2)=10mks
23. (a)
State three ways in which national integration is important.
(i) Enhances
condition favorable for peace and prosperity.
(ii) Promote
national unity and cohesion.
(iii)
Promotes the achievement of rapid
economic and social development.
(iv)Eliminates
and reduces inter-community conflicts and suspicion.
(v) Creates
favourable investments conditions that attracts foreign investments.
(vi) Enhances
nationalism and patriotism. Any
(3x 1 ) = 3mks
(b)
Explain how the Bill of rights guarantees the right of all individuals.
(i) It
protects a person right to life.
(ii) Guarantees
right to own property by prohibiting unlawful acquisition of persons property.
(iii)
It guarantees a persons freedom of
association (Assembly by allowing one to join any social/political group)
(iv)Protects
freedom of expression/speech whereby one is allowed to say whatever he/she
desires through writing verbally or media.
(v) Guarantees
freedom of movement by allowing one to go anywhere within the country
(vi)Protects
individual from slavery or forced labour.
(vii)
Protects individuals against arbitrary
search, arrest and detention until a warrant is lawfully issued.
(viii) Protects
one against torture by outlawing any inhuman treatment.
(ix)Protects
ones right to liberty guaranteeing ones freedom.
(x) Guarantees
ones freedom from discrimination through equal treatment of all.
(xi)Guarantees
freedom of conscience y allowing one to think or believe as he so desires.
Any (6x2 ) = 12mks
24. (a)
Identify five sources of revenue for county government
(i) Equitably
shared national revenue.
(ii) Conditional
and unconditional grants from the national Government.
(iii)
Loans from capital markets.
(iv)Grants
from local and external institutions
(v) Own
revenue raised by respective counties. Any
(5x 1) = 5mks
(b) Explain 5 ways in which the national
government spends its revenue.
(i) Construction
of national infrastructure e.g. roads, railways and ports.
(ii) Financing
national development projects like electricity generating and irrigation
schemes.
(iii)
Constructions of national referral
hospitals.
(iv)Paying
of wages and salaries for public servants.
(v) Repairing
and maintaining national infrastructure.
(vi)Establishing
and maintenance of security organs.
(vii)
Servicing external and domestic debts.
(viii) Maintenance
of foreign embassies.
(ix)Remitting
funds to international organizations like United Nations and regional bodies
such as African union and East African community.
Supplementary
expenditure. Any
(5x2 ) = 10mks
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