SECTION A: (25 MARKS)
1. Name two types of
written materials used by historians as a source of history and government.
(i)
Books, charts,
maps, manuscripts, paintings, drawings, scrolls, stone tablets/
clay tablets.
(ii)
Newspapers/magazines.
(iii)
Diaries/Biographies.
(iv)
Journals/periodicals.
(v)
Official
government records. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
2. Give the main reason
why the period of early man is referred to as the Stone Age. - The early man made his tools and
weapons mainly from stone. (1
x 1 = 1mk)
3. Name two rivers which were
associated with early agriculture in Mesopotamia. (i) River
Tigris.
(ii) River
Euphrates. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
4. Give two advantages of
human transport. (2mks)
(i) It is a
cheap form of transport.
(ii) It is
readily available.
(iii) It has a
flexible timetable for departure and arrival. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
5. Give the main use of
steam power during the industrial revolution in Europe. - Driving engines/machines
in industries. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
6. State one political
function of the city of Cairo. (1mk)
- It is the national capital of Egypt and the political
centre of the Arab world. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
7. Which was the main
factor that unified the communities of the Shona Kingdom
during the pre-colonial period.
-
The Mwari religious cult/Mlimo cult/religion. (1
x 1 = 1mk)
8. State one way in which
the Ndebele benefited after the British-Ndebele war of
1893 to 1896.
(i) The Ndebele Indunas were made headmen.
(ii) The Shona police were removed from
Matabeleland. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
9. Name two social factors
that led to the scramble for colonies in Africa by the
European powers.
(i) The need to abolish slave trade.
(ii) The desire to spread Christianity.
(iii)
The desire to
spread western civilization/education.
(iv)
The need to
settle surplus population. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
10. Name two colonies of
Britain in North Africa.
(i) Egypt.
(ii) Sudan. (2
x 1 = 2mks)
11. Name the first President
of the Front for the liberation of Mozambique.
- Eduardo Mondlane Chirambo. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
12. State two economic
results of the First World War.
(i) European
government spent huge sum of money.
(ii) There was
massive destruction of property.
(iii) It led to
economic depression/unemployment/starvation. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
13. Name the organ of United
Nations that admits suspends and expels members.
- The Security Council. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
14. Identify two ways in
which Mwalimu Julius Nyerere promoted the development
of education in Tanzania after
independence.
(i) He established the universities of
Dar-es-Salaam and Sokoine.
(ii) He made Kiswahili the medium of instruction
in schools.
(iii) He made education to be free from primary
school to university.
(iv) He popularized the philosophy of education
for self-reliance.
(v) He introduced adult education. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
15. Identify two superpowers
that were involved in cold war.
(i) The United
States of America (USA).
(ii) Union of
Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR)/Soveit Union/Russia. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
16. Give the main political
challenge that the Democratic Republic of Congo has faced
since
independence.
- Political instability/rivalry for leadership. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
17. Name one major political
party in the United States of America.
(i) Republican
party.
(ii) Democratic
party. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
18. (a) State five reasons why early people
domesticated crops and animals during
the
Neo-lithic period.
(i) Due to
increased human population more food was required.
(ii) There
was competition for food between human beings and animals.
(iii)
Over hunting
depleted stocks of animals on which human beings relied
on for food.
(iv)
Hunting and
gathering was tedious.
(v)
Calamities such
as bush fire/floods destroyed vegetation/drove away animals.
(vi)
Some crops and
animals had economic value.
(vii)
Animals were
domesticated to provide security.
(viii)
There was a
change in climate which caused aridity/weather sometimes
hindered gathering and hunting. (5 x 1 =
5mks)
(b)
Explain five causes of food shortages in Africa today.
(i)
Climate – Many
parts of Africa experience little or no rain at all over several yeas leading
to crop failure and hence food shortage/natural hazards.
(ii)
Population – The
rapid population growth rate has overtaken food production rate resulting in
food shortages.
(iii)
Storage –
Inadequate/food storage facilities had contributed to food wastages
as farmers cannot store food for a long period.
(iv)
Transport – Poor
states of roads in many parts of African countries
hinders transportation of food from the areas of
surplus to those of deficit.
(v)
Prices – Low
prices of food stuff have discouraged many farmers
who may have invested so much capital leading to food
shortages.
(vi)
Capital – Many
farmers in Africa lack enough capital to buy required
farm inputs.
(vii)
Pests – Due to
crop diseases and pests a lot of food is destroyed either
on the farms or in stores resulting to food shortages.
(viii)
Cash crops – The
emphasis on cash crops farming at the expense of food
crops has contributed to low food production leading
to food shortages.
(ix)
Desertification –
Environmental degradation through deforestation/
overgrazing of animals had led to soil erosion leading
to wasteland hence
low food production.
(x)
Political wars –
Civil wars in many African countries have displaced people from their farms and
therefore diverted their attention from
farming resulting in food shortages.
(xi)
Labour – The
young able bodied persons migrate to urban centres
thus leaving the aged who are not able to contribute
much towards
food production.
(xii)
HIV – Hiv and
aids pandemic has impacted negatively on the labour
force in food production.
(xiii)
Drought crops –
Many farmers have not adopted the growing of drought
resistant crops which would be used in time of food
scarcity.
(xiv)
Relief – Over
reliance/dependence on famine relief food has made people
not to look for permanent solutions to food shortages.
(xv)
Methods – Lack of
modern farming methods.
(xvi)
Policy – Poor
food policies have discouraged farmer as they are not given enough incentives
incase of crop failure/poor economic policies.
(5 x 2 = 10mks)
19. (a) State three ways in which the industrial
revolution contributed to European
expansion
to Africa.
(i)
Europeans needed
sources of raw materials in Africa
(ii)
They needed to
look for market to sell their manufactured goods in Africa.
(iii)
Capital generated
from industries needed to be invested in Africa.
(iv)
The industrial
revolution boosted the transport system which enabled the Europeans to travel
to Africa. (3
x 1 = 3mks)
(b)
Explain six economic effects of the industrial
revolution in Europe during the
18th
century.
(i)
The industrial
revolution led to the development of local and international
trade.
(ii)
It boosted the
transport and communication systems e.g. roads, railways
and mail postage.
(iii)
Development of
agriculture machines replaced human labour hence
production in agriculture increased.
(iv)
Expansion of
banking and insurance systems. Banks
provided credit
facilities while insurance provided cover for
factories.
(v)
It led to
urbanization in Europe as most people migrated from the rural areas
to seek jobs in factories.
(vi)
It enabled
European nations to amass a lot of wealth e.g. between 1700
and 1815, the British national income grew threefold.
(vii)
The development
and spread of factory based industries led to the
decline and collapse of cottage based set-ups.
(viii)
It promoted
development in science and technology e.g. scientific
inventions related to machinery, transport and
communication. (6 x 2 = 12mks)
20. (a) Identify the three methods used by the
French to acquire colonies in West Africa
(i) Signed
treaties with African rulers/used diplomacy.
(ii) Played
off one community against the other/divide and rule treachery.
(iii) Used
force to conquer the Africans/military expedition. (3
x 1 = 3mks)
(b)
Explain six factors that led to the defeat of Samori
Toure by the French.
(i)
The constant
movements of his army and people denied them time to
concentrate on gainful activities. This resulted to inadequate food supplies.
(ii)
The scorched
earth policy that he used when fighting made his people
to be impoverished and thus turned against him.
(iii)
Some African
communities in the area supported the French against
Samori Toure e.g. Tieba of Sikasso, Ahmed Sekou of
Tokolo.
(iv)
The diplomatic
tactics of playing off the British against the French
worked against him as the British refused to give an
support when
attacked by the French.
(v)
The determination
by the French to establish in overseas empire made
them to use superior weapons on Samori Toure.
(vi)
The non-Mandinka
and non-Muslims communities in his empire supported
the French against him because he had
conquered/mistreated them.
(vii)
The British
refused to support Samouri Toure against the French due to their policy of
non-interference.
(viii)
The French
besieged Samori capital/blocking his retreat thereby forcing him
to surrender.
(ix)
The establishment
of the second empire from the East denied him access
to the Coast thus affecting constant supply of arms.
(x)
Loss of Bure gold
mines denied him the finances of sustaining his soldiers.
(6 x 2 = 12mks)
21. (a) How did the invention of the steam engine
contribute to the process of
colonization
in Africa.
(i)
It helped in the
development of transport e.g. steam ships and trains.
This helped in the transportation of people in Africa.
(ii)
With development
of railway Europeans were able to move into the interior
of Africa and exploit minerals.
(iii)
There was demand
for coal to produce more steam.
(iv)
It was possible
to move troops to conquer the people of African using steam trains and
vehicles.
(v)
There was demand
for raw materials as the steam engine was manufacturing goods at faster rates. (3
x 1 = 3mks)
(b)
Explain six positive effects of European colonization
of Africa.
(i)
Formation of
states colonization helped in formation of states. During the struggle for independence different
communities came together to fight
for independence.
These later became independent states with many
different tribes.
(ii)
It speeded
economic growth in Europe through trade.
(iii)
Africans were
introduced to international commerce.
(iv)
Development of
infrastructures e.g. roads and railways by Europeans in
Africa.
(v)
Development of
urban centres in areas where European settled.
(vi)
Fame and prestige
Europeans powers who gained more colonies in Africa
gained fame and prestige. (6
x 2 = 12mks)
SECTION
C: (30 MARKS)
22. (a) State five reasons why the British used
indirect rule in Northern Nigeria. (i) The
British lacked enough European manpower to effectively control the
large Northern Nigeria protectorate.
(ii)
Indirect rule
involved less funds since only few British officials would
be employed as administrations.
(iii)
To guard against
resistance by local people by using existing local institutions.
(iv)
There was poor
transport and communication network in the protectorate.
(v)
Indirect rule had
succeeded in Uganda and India.
(vi)
There was already
a well established system of government in Northern
Nigeria based on Islamic law which was ideal for
indirect rule. (5 x 1 = 5mks)
(b)
Explain five reasons why the use of indirect rule was
unsuccessful in Southern Nigeria.
(i)
Existence of many
ethnic groups with diverse political and religious systems
as well as other cultural differences.
(ii)
The use of
unpopular African rulers e.g. the Obas who were given excessive power made the
people to reject British rule.
(iii)
The introduction
of taxes modeled on the tax collection system in
Northern Nigeria e.g. in the Egba community.
(iv)
Misuse of power
by the warrant chiefs who raised taxes for their own benefits.
(v)
Lack of
linguistic unity because the elite used English while the rest
of the communities used their local languages.
(vi)
It was opposed by
African traditional rulers because it undermined and
eroded their traditional authority by the appointment
of mission educated
young men to their positions. (5
x 2 = 10mks)
23. (a) Identify three duties performed by the
secretary general of the new East African
community
established in 2001.
(i) Is the
head of secretariat.
(ii) Authorizes
expenditure on behalf of the members.
(iii) Is the
secretary to the summit/take minutes.
(iv) Keep
records of the proceedings.
(v) Implement
decisions adopted by East African community summit.
(v) Prepares
agenda for the meeting. (3 x 1 = 3mks)
(b) Explain six benefits of the new East
African community formed in 2001 to its
members.
(i)
There is a wide
market for different types of goods produced by each member state.
(ii)
The citizens of
member states buy goods at fair prices due to low tariffs levied
on goods
(iii)
Opening of border/establishing
a common visa has boosted free
movement of people within the region/East Africa passport.
(iv)
The community
provides a forum for heads of states to discuss issues harmoniously thus
promoting mutual understanding/co-operation/friendship.
(v)
There are
employment opportunities for people of member states/
countries in the established common services.
(vi)
Establishment of
the common market creates room for enhanced
economic
development of member countries/spurs greater industrial growth.
(vii)
The member countries
are working together towards establishing
East African federation in order to apply common laws.
(viii)
There is
improvement in transport and communication network
to facilitate the movement of people and goods. (6 x 2 = 12mks)
24. (a) State five functions of the political
parties in the United States of America. (i) They make electoral politics coherent by
acting as agents of each candidate.
(ii)
They provide
outlets for citizens to express their views and opinions about nominees.
(iii)
The political
party system provides accountability since when the policies
of a party fail, the voters can hold its candidates
accountable at election time.
(iv)
They help to put
the desires of the people on the government policy agenda.
(v)
Party labels help
voters in their choice of candidates as parties stand for
different principles and policies.
(b)
Explain five ways in which the doctrine of
parliamentary supremacy is applied
in Britain.
(i)
Parliament
approves the budget of the government.
(ii)
Decisions made by
parliament are binding to all and cannot be overruled
or nullified even by a court of law.
(iii)
Parliament has
terminative power and can remove an unpopular government from power.
(iv)
Parliament is
paramount as all other organs of government derive their
power from it.
(v)
It is the only
institution empowered to make, amend and abolish laws.
(5
x 2 = 10mks)
POST A COMMENT DOWN THERE 👇
No comments:
Post a Comment