Section A (25 marks)
1. State one feature of a government. (1 mark)
(i) It
has rules
(ii) Legitimacy
from the subjects
(iii) Sovereignity
(iv)Jurisdiction
(v) Law
enforcement (Any 1x1=1 mark)
2. Give two reasons why early man moved from the forests to settle in
the grasslands. (2 marks)
(i) There
were more wild animals and fruits in the savanna.
(ii) Climate was
warmer in the grasslands.
(iii)
Presence of water in the grasslands. (Any 2x1=2
marks)
3. Identify the earliest method of trade used during the Trans-Saharan
trade. (1 mark)
(i) Silent
Trade
(1x1=1 mark)
4. State two forms of picture writing during the early civilization. (2 marks)
(i) Hieroglyphics
(ii) Cuneiform (2x1=2
marks)
5. Name two countries that pioneered space exploration in the world. (2 marks)
(i) USA
(i) Russia (2x1=2
marks)
6. Give one way in which poor transport hinders industrialization in
the Third World countries. (1 mark)
(i) Raw
materials fail to reach industries in time leading to delay and perishable raw
materials going bad.
(ii) Finished
products do not reach markets on time and can also go bad resulting to losses.
(Any 1x1=1 mark)
7. Identify the contribution of Dr. Christian Bernard in the field of
medicine. (1 mark)
(i) Heart Transplant.
(1x1=1 mark)
8. State one way in which centralization of power contributed to
success in the Baganda
Kingndom. (1 mark)
(i) It
ensured effective control of the kingndom, the Kabaka appointed his own chiefs
who owed their positions to him.
(1x1=1 mark)
9. Identify two ways in which industrialization in Europe contributed
to colonization of Africa. (2 marks)
(i) The
Europeans wanted raw materials for their industries
(ii) They wanted
a market for their manufactured goods
(iii)
They were looking for places to invest their capital. (Any2x1=2 marks)
10. Name one fighting technique employed by Samouri Toure against the
French. (1 mark)
(i) Guerrilla
Warfare
(ii) Scorched
Earth Policy. (Any1x1=1 mark)
11. Give two reasons why the Schliffen plan failed during the First
World War. (2 marks)
(i) Russia
mobilized her forces faster than expected thus Germany was forced to deploy her
(ii) forces to
the Eastern front
(iii)
Germany invasion of Belgium was not as fast as
anticipated
(iv)Britain
entry into the war also contributed to this delay
(v) iv Both
sides were more evenly matched than Germany had thought. (Any2x1=2 marks).
12. State two permanent members of the Security Council. (2 marks)
(i) USA
(ii) China
(iii)
France
(iv)Russia
(v) Britain (Any2x1=2 marks)
13. Identify the head of the Commonwealth of Nations. (1 mark)
(i) The
Queen. (1x1=1 mark)
14. Give two role played by Dr. Kwame Nkrumah in the Pan African
Movement. (2 marks)
(i) He
participated in the Manchester Congress of 1945 where he was the secretary
(ii) He
encouraged delegates to go back and spearhead nationalist movements for the
struggle
for independence in
their countries. (2x1=2 marks)
15. Identify two ways in which
the OAU contributed to the liberation of Southern African
countries. (2 marks)
(i) It
provided material support to the freedom fighters
(ii) It gave
financial support to the nationalists
(iii)
It provided military training camps for the
nationalists
(iv)The
grievances of the nationalists were presented by OAU in the international
forums
(v) It
campaigned for sanctions against South Africa due to the policy of apartheid
(vi)IT
provided shelter for refugees. (Any2x1=2 marks)
16. State one political
challenge faced by DRC since independence. (1 mark)
(i) Political
assassinations
(ii) Ethnicism/tribalism
(iii)
Army mutiny
(iv)Rebel
groups have fought the government since independence. (Any1x1=1 mark)
17. Name the Act of Parliament which marked the beginning of
parliamentary control of the
Monarchy in Britain. (1 mark)
(i) Magna
Carta.
(1x1=1 mark)
SECTION B (45 marks)
Answer any three
questions in this section
18. (a) Identify three irrigation methods used in
Egypt. (3
marks)
(i)
Shadoof
(ii) Canal
(iii)
Basin ( 3 x 1 = 3 marks)
(b) Explain
six similarities in Early agriculture in Egypt and
Mesopotamia.
(12 marks)
(i)
Both practiced agriculture along River valleys
(ii) Depended
on flood water for farming
(iii)
Had well developed systems of irrigation
(iv)Both used simple farm implements
made of stone, wood and later metal
(v) Both
planted indigenous crops
(vi)Both used animal and human labour
(vii)
Both developed a system of storage and preserving of
foods
(viii)
Both traded in the farm produce. (Any 6 x 2 =
12 marks)
19. (a) State
five factors for early urbanization in Africa. (5
marks)
(i)
Development of agriculture led to the crowding of people in settlements which
subsequently developed into urban centres.
(ii)
Development of trade-some cities in pre-colonial Africa
emerged out of market centres.
(iii)
Some cities grew out of religious centre which
attracted population concentration.
(iv)
Some urban centres developed around administrative.
(v)
Mining centres became areas of early cities
(vi)
Harbours and ports encouraged the growth of
commerce towns
(vii)
Availability of water for domestic and irrigation &
industrial use led to growth of towns
(viii)
Major crossroads influenced development of some towns
(ix)
Strategically placed for defense led people to settle
in protected areas which led to development of towns. (Any5x1=5 marks)
(b) Explain how industrial and agrarian growth
contributed to urbanization. (10 marks)
(i)
The agrarian revolution led to increased food supply –
production of surplus food promoted trade. Trading centres grew into urban
centres as people settled there to engage in trading activities.
(ii)
Due to development in agriculture people had to settle.
The settlement developed into urban centres.
(iii)
Agrarian revolution left many people landless in
Britain. The landless moved to urban
centres searching for employment in industries this caused further expansion of
urban centres.
(iv)
The development of mines during industrial revolution
led to the rise of settlement around mining areas i.e. Meroe and Kush in North
Africa and Nok in West Africa grew because mining activities
(v)
The Agrarian revolution supported growth of urban
centres as it led to adequate food supply for growing population / settlement.
(vi)
The financial industry developed due to industrial
& agricultural expansion. Bank worked added to the number of people living
in urban centres i.e. London, Paris and Amsterdam.
(vii)
Some ports were used as export and import points of
agricultural and manufactured products. This led to expansion to become urban
centres i.e Liverpool, London, Budapest and Marceilles.
(viii)
Mechanization in agriculture displaced labourers who
moved to urban centres to look for jobs and this increased urban population.
(ix)
Industrialization led to production of better and more
efficient tools which made work easier. Such industries grew in an effort to
satisfy the high demand for better tools and machines.
(Any 5x2=10 marks)
20. (a) Identify three features of macadamized roads. (3
marks)
(i)
Some roads had paths on either side
(ii)
Durable
(iii)
Wide
(iv)
Straight
(v)
Cambered and had good surface drainage
(vi)
Had a smooth motoring surface
(vii)
Cheaper and quicker to construct
(viii)
Had a network of bridges. (Any3x1=3 marks)
(b) Explain
six advantages of railway transport. (12
marks)
(i)
Where electric locomotion is in use, it is extremely
fast means of transport
(ii)
Relatively safe as incidents of theft and accidents are
few
(iii)
Use of underground trains eases traffic congestion.
(iv)
It is economical for transportation of goods
and services over long distances
(v)
It is suitable for transporting bulky goods
(vi)
They follow a regular schedule which enables
passengers to plan for their movement
(Any6x2=12
marks)
21. (a) Identify three types of nationalism in
South Africa. (3
marks)
(i)
British nationalism
(ii) Afrikanner
nationalism
(iii)
African nationalism. (3x1=3
marks)
(b) Explain
six roles of Nelson Mandela in the struggle for independence
in South Africa. (12 marks)
(i)
As a nationalist Nelson Mandela with his friends Oliver
Tambo and Walter Sisulu established the ANC League which became affiliated to
ANC.
(ii)
As Deputy President of ANC he organized the defiance
campaign to protest against the oppressive apartheid laws.
(iii)
He represented, as a lawyer African nationalists who
were being victimized by the racist regime.
(iv)
With others he formulated the freedom charter in 1955.
This charter demanded equal rights for all races in the country.
(v)
With the ban on political parties, Mandela and others
began an underground movement of armed resistance called Umkhouto we Sizwe
(Spear of the Nation)
(vi)
In order to win support from the international
community Mandela toured over seas countries e.g. Ethiopia, London, Algeria,
Tanzania, Kenya and Zambia.
(Any6x2 = 12 marks)
SECTION C (30 marks)
Answer any two
questions in this section
22.
(a) Identify three types of spirits in Shona. (3
marks)
(i)
Vadzimu – Family spirits
(ii)
Mhondoro – Clan spirits.
(iii)
Chamurika – National spirits. (3x1=3 marks)
(b) Describe
the political organization of the Shona. (12
marks)
(i)
The empire was ruled by an emperor who was both
head of state and government (Mwenemutapa).the King as the chief religious
authority.
(ii)
The office of the emperor was hereditary. When
he died, his son took over leadership.
(iii)
The main factor of unity in the Shona political
system was religion with emperor as the
chief religious authority.
(iv)The empire was
divided into provinces, which were ruled by lesser chiefs.
(v)
There was an important symbol of national unity
which was the royal fire. This fire was kept burning until the end of the
king’s reign. It was from this fire that each vassal chief carried a flame to
his chiefdom.
(vi)Religion was
another symbol of unity with the emperor as the chief religious authority.
(vii)
The king controlled trade and used the revenue
from trade to run the army and the empire.
(viii)
The king had a standing army for defence and
expansion.
(ix)The emperor was
assisted by the following; The Queen mother, The Queen sister, (Emperor’s sister), Emperors nine principal wives, The Chief Drummer, The
Chief Cook, The gate keeper, The Commander of the army Senior son-in-law of the
king.The Chancellor.The treasurer, the chief justice, Lesser chiefs who paid
tribute to the emperor by providing labour, cattle and agricultural produce,
gold, slaves ivory e.t.c.
(Any6x2=12 marks)
23.
(a) State five causes of the Second World War. (5 marks)
(i) The
treaty of the Versailles
(ii) The
weakness of the League of Nations
(iii)
Nationalism
(iv)Arms
race
(v) The
Great Economic Depression
(vi)The
policy of Appeasement
(vii)
Emergence of dictators
(viii) Alliances
(ix)Rise
of Adolf Hitler and his ambition. (Any5x1=5 marks)
(b) Explain five reasons why the Axis were
defeated during the Second World War. (10
marks)
(i) Shortage of valuable resources e.g. human,
finances and raw materials
(ii)
The
Allies had superior military strength e.g. Air Force and naval superiority
(iii) The Germans were fighting the war on many
fronts i.e., Hitler verses Britain and her empire, Russian Front, In the
Mediterranean Seas
(iv) The combined resources of the British Empire,
U.S.A. and U.S.S.R.
(v)
The entry of the U.S.A. into the war on the
side of the Allies in 1940
(vi) Some of
the German territories turned against her
(vii)
The Allies had more supporters than the Axis
powers
(viii)
The Axis powers made mistakes and
miscalculations e.g. the winter in the Soviet Union.
(Any5x2=10 marks)
24. (a) How
can one become a member to the House of Lords in Britain?
(3 marks)
(i) By being
appointed by the monarchy
(ii) Through
hereditary
(iii)
Through being appointed by virtue of their
position in society e.g. Lords of Appeal
(3x1=3 marks)
(b) Explain six roles of the Prime Minister
in Britain. (12
marks)
(i) Appointing
and dismissing ministers but with the consent of the monarchy
(ii) Recommends
to the monarchy the names of candidates for appointment of senior judicial
officers in Britain e.g. Chief Justice
(iii)
Presiding or chairing cabinet meetings in
Britain
(iv)Leader
of his party in Britain
(v) Settling
disputes between various departments in Britain
(vi)Overseeing
the execution of cabinet policies in Britain
(vii)
Changing law in the British Parliament
(viii) He is
the leader of the House of Commons (Any 6x2=12 marks)
No comments:
Post a Comment