HISTORY PP2 TEST 3 MARKING SCHEME

                                                Section A (25 marks)

1.     Unwritten sources of information on History and Government.                        (1 mk)

·       Oral tradtions

·       Archaeology / palaenthology

·       Linguistics

·       Anthropology

·       Genetic study.

1 x 1  (1 mk)

2.     Uses of stone tools by early people.                                                                    (2 mks)

·       For skinning animals

·       For digging up roots

·       For cutting meat

·       Sharpening wood / tools

·       Scrapping animals skins

·       Killing animals

·       Protection / defence

2 x 1  (2 mks)

3.     Planting method used by European farms before the agrarian revolution.        (1 mk)

·          The broadcasting methods / scattering

                                                      1 x 1    (1 mk)

4.     Main factor that stimulated the development of Trans-Atlantic trade.              (1 mk)

·       Technological advancement in filed of navigation spear headed by Portugal and Spain.

5.     Two reasons why the camel is referred to as “the ship of the desert”.               (2 mks)

·       Can survive for long without food & water

·       Feet are adapted for desert conditions

·       Can carry extra food in the stomach

·       Stores fat in the hump

Any other relevant                                        2 x1 = 2 mks

6.     Two forms of messages that could be relayed by the use of drum beats in ancient times.

(2 mks)

·       Announcement of ceremonies / festivals

·       Declaration of war

·       Arrival of stranger

·       Announcing  death / mourning

·       Announcing impending danger

Any 2 x 12                                                      (2 mks)

7.     One disadvantage of using coal as a source of energy.                                       (1 mk)

·       Bulky / difficult to transport

·       Produces pollutants

·       Expensive to obtain from the mines

·       It is non-renewable

·       Produces low calories for energy compared to other sourest.

8.     Identify two metals used to replace stone tools.                                                 (2 mks)

·       Gold

·       Silver

·       Copper

·       Bronze

·       Iron

Any 2 x 1 = (2 mks)

9.     State one problem which faced Athens.                                                              (1 mk)

·       Outbreak of plagues

·       Attacks by Spartans & Romans

Any 1 x 1 = (1 mk)

10.  State one way through which the Europeans maintained peace among themselves during the partition of Africa.                                                                                         (1 mk)

·       Bu signing treaties among themselves

·       By organizing the Berlin conference to lay down the guiding principles of partition.

11.  Two social reasons for the European scramble for Africa.                                 (2 mks)

·       Desire to spread Christianity

·       To settle the surplus population

·       To introduce civilization / education

·       To abolish slave trade

Any 2 x1 = (2 mks)

12.  State two conditions that one had to fulfill to become assimilated to French West Africa.                                                                                                                                     (2 mks)

·       Ability to speak French

·       Literacy / ability to read and write

·       Monogamous

·       Christian

·       Served in French army / govt

2 x 1 = (2 mks)

13.  Main reason for the formation of the League of Nations.                                               (1 mk)

·       To promote world peace & security and prevent the occurrence of another war.

14.  Identify one member of the Central powers during the First World War.         (1 mk)

·       Germany; Austria – Hungary

·       Italy, Turkey, Bulgaria

Any 1 x 1        (1 mk)

15.  Main function of the international court of Justice.                                            (1 mk)

·       To settle international disputes e.g. over boundaries

1 x 1                (1 mk)

16.  Name two founder leaders of Non-aligned movement.                                      (2 mks)

·       Jawaharlal Nehru – India

·       Ahmed Surkano – Indonesia

·       Marshal Tito - Yugoslavia

·       Gamel Nasser  of Egypt

·       Chou En Ias – China

Any 2 x 1  (2 mks)

17.  State two reasons why Zanzibar favoured a union in the mainland Tanganyika in 1964.     

(2 mks)

·       Zanzibar wanted protection from the larger Tanganyika mainland

·       To boost her economy following abolition of slave trade

·       She feared domination by Arabs.

Any 2 x 1  (2 mks)

18.  (a) Outline three physical characteristics of Egyptian ape.                                (3 mks)

·       Had stereoscopic vision

·       32 teeth

·       Quadrupedal

·       4kg in weight

(3 x 1 -= 3 mks)

(b) Describe the culture of man during the old stone age.                                  (12 mks)

·       Tools and weapons – made oldowan tools, later he made acheutian tools that were slightly advanced.

·       Shelter – man lived in caves during the day and slept on top of trees at night

·       Food – ate raw food mainly meat, fruits, vegetables, roots eggs and insects.

·       Social life – lived with groups of about 20 – 30 people

·       Clothing – didn’t wear clothes as the bodies were hairy and climate in savannahs was ideal.

·       Main economic activity was hunting and gathering

·       There was division of labour where women gathered fruits while men hunted animals.

(6 x 2 = 12 mks)

19.  (a) features of agricultural practices in Britain before Agrarian revolution

·       Feudalism was practiced

·       Farmers practiced open field system

·       Stripping was used

·       Use of simple tools and implements

·       Use of broadcasting method

·       Intercropping was practiced

·       Mixed farming

·       Monocropping

(3 x 1 = 3 mks)

(b) Methods that can be adopted to alleviate food shortage in Africa.

·       Introduce new farming methods to increase food production

·       Government support – give farmers founds to buy farm machinery and inputs

-   Reduce taxes on farm inputs

·       Farmers to be educated on methods of managing the environment e.g. afforestation, intercropping & terracing

·       Intensive agricultural research to develop drought resistant crops

·       Land reclamation – more land to be irrigated

                                                 - Waste and marshy land reclaimed

·       Governments to commit funds in their budget to improve agriculture

·       Improve storage facilities e.g. silos to minimize losses

·       Farmer education on how to control diseases and pests

·       A sound national food policy on how to produce better food crops

·       African governments to take action to stop civil strife / political instability

(6 x 2 = 12 mks)

20.  (a) Economic activities of Asante.                                                                      (3 mks)

·       Grew crops e.g. rams & fruits

·       Mining especially gold

·       Traded in gold, slaves & ivory

·       Kept livestock e.g. cattle

·       Hunting and gathering

·       Iron working

·       Craftsmanship e.g. baskets and pots

(b) Social organization of the shone during the colonial period.                 (12 mks)

·       The shone were unified by religion

·       Mwari was the supreme being and the creator

·       His worship was led by priests in sacred places. Priests came from the Rozwi clan.

·       They had 3 types of spirits:

-        Family spirits (vadzimu)

-        Clan spirits (mhondore)

-        National spirits (chamiruka)

·       The national spirit, chamiruka settled clans disputes and protected people against injustice by the government.

·       They were divided into clans. Clan names were coined from animals such as leopard, monkey

·       They had a patrilined kinship system (inheritance through the father

·       They practiced polygamy & marriage was exogamous

·       They lived in stone buildings as they had great skills in masonry

(6 x 2 = 12 mks)

21.  (a) Give three reasons why the maji maji rebellion failed.                                (3 mks)

·     The Germans had superior weapons

·     Germans had well trained, organized and better military tactics

·     Africans were demoralized as the ‘magic water’ faield to protect them from German bullets

·     Africans  in southern Tanganyika were disorganized e.g. wamatumbi revolted even before the others were ready

·     The killing and capture of their leaders such as Kinjeketile & Mpanda demoralized the fighters

·     Severe famine and starvation in the region in 1907 weakened them because of scorched earth policy by Germans

·     Africans lacked unity. Some collaborated with the Germans against fellow African or did not join the war.

·     The Germans got reinforcement from Somalia, Sudan, New couinea and Germany.

(b) Explain six reforms introduced by German administration after the maji maji rebellion.                                                                                                  (12 mks)

·     Corporal punishment was abolished

·     Governor Rechenburg rejected extra taxation of African

·     Settlers who mistreated workers were punished

·     Force labour was stopped

·     Africans were encouraged to grow cotton for their own benefit as communal cotton-growing was stopped

·     Africans were involved in administration as akidas and jumbas

·     Newspapers that incited settlers against Africans were censured.

·     Medical services and educational facilities for Africans were improved.

·     Kiswahili became an official language

·     The Germans attempted to rule fairly though some recognized traditional chiefs.

                  (6 x 2 = 12 mks)

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

22.  (a) Reasons why Britain used indirect rule in Nigeria.                                       (5 mks)

·       Inadequate manpower to administer the colonies

·       Inadequate funds for the colonial administration

·       Many British citizens were reluctant to serve in the tropic owing to physical hardships, tropical diseases and climate.

·       To avoid / minimize Africans resistance to colonial rule

·       The policy had succeeded in other colonies e.g. India and Uganda

·       Unlike the European administration, African rulers would not require time to familiarize themselves

·       The method would prepare the Africans fro eventual self rule

(b) Effects if use of indirect rule in Nigeria.                                                 (10 mks)

·       Inter communal conflicts – most administrative jobs were taken by southerners mostly Igbos

·       African culture was preserved – African traditional rulers were accommodated.

·       Erosion of powers of Emirs and other traditional rulers under the supervision of British officials

·       Accumulation of wealth by chiefs at the expense of the people

·       Disparity in development. In the south, missionaries built schools & hospitals, north lagged behind

·       Suspicion and mistrust between the educated elite and traditional chiefs

·       Introduction of law courts enhanced law and order in the south.

·       Spread of modern currency

·       Modernization and development of some regimes e.g. infrastructure building in the south.

·       The Emirs acquired a sense of security as they gained more powers and the British support to curb any resistance.

23.  (a) Objectives of ECOWAS.                                                                                (5 mks)

·       To liberate trade between member states.

·       To foster cooperation in specialized fields e.g. transport, communication, trade etc.

·       To improve relations between member states

·       To create a customs union in the region

·       To improve the living standards of people in the member states.

·       To promote industrial development among member states

·       To promote cultural interaction among member states.

(b) Achievements of ECOWAS since the formation in 1975.                            (10 mks)

·       In 1981, ECOWAS adopted the defence Act which implied that member countries support each other incase of external aggression e.g. ECOMOG as a peace enforcement force.

·       Head of state meet regularly to tackle problems facing the region e.g. in 1999, they signed a protocol establishing a mechanism for conflict resolution

·       Economically, ECOWAS has provided a wider market for goods

·       Tariff barriers have been removed for member states e.g. Nigeria provided member states with subsidized oil

·       Has stimulated of transport, economy and infrastructure e.g. linking up road, railway and telephone connections with member states / neighbours

·       Socio – cultural exchange take place under the umbrella of ECOWAS, promoting good relations among member states

·       ECOWAS enables citizens of member states to move freely within their countries i.e. waiver on visa  requirements

·       Member state have made progress in the field of education i.e. a joint examination syllabus for West African states has been established to ensure standardization of the education system in the region.

(5 x 2 = 10 mks)

24.  (a) State five functions of the British house of commons.                                 (5 mks)

·       Makes laws together with the house of lords

·       Controls the executive e.g. it can pass a vote of no confidence if its not happy about the way the executive conducts public affairs

·       It controls finance. It is the guardian of national wealth

·       It calls attention to abuses in society and demands the settlement of public grievances

·       It is a training ground for future leaders

(b) Explain five factors that limit parliamentary supremacy in Britain.            (10 mks)

·       Members of the House of commons have to consider the moral values of the British society.

·       Parliamentarians are sensitive to public opinion, especially because an unpopular government may not be re-elected.

·       Local authorities are empowered to make by-laws even without consulting parliament

·       The interests of the institution under the spotlight are always taken into account before legislation is done in parliament. Such institutions include the church, universities, farmers and trade unions.

·       Legislation passed by one parliament can be changed by a future one

·       International law is also taken into account when laws are made.(5 x 2 = 10 mks)